天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡特征

统计了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川自1980年以来冰川表面的单点物质平衡,分析了不同季节物质平衡及其冰川变化特征。研究表明,1号冰川厚度较之1959年平均减薄了9 599 mm;1997—2002年为实际观测以来连续的强负物质平衡时段,平均物质平衡为-739.6 mm /a。物质平衡与气温、降水的相关分析显示：1号冰川物质平衡主要取决于夏季平均气温的高低,二者具有较好的反相关关系（相关系数为-0.72）,而与降水的关系相对较差。20世纪80年代末以来,1号冰川退缩速度明显增大,尤以2000—2002年为甚,西支冰川退缩速度为连续的高值(退缩速度分别为6.92 m/a、6.95 m/a和6.25 m/a);东支冰川的退缩速度与高度大于4 200 m的高度带区间的平均物质平衡值有较好的相关关系（相关系数为0.65）,表明了1号冰川进退的动力主要源于冰川积累区的物质平衡大小。     

Timing of UHP metamorphism in the Hong’an area,western Dabie Mountains,China: evidence from zircon U–Pb age,trace element and Hf isotope composition

The Hong’an area (western Dabie Mountains) is the westernmost terrane in the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen that preserves UHP eclogites. The ages of the UHP metamorphism have not been well constrained, and thus hinder our understanding of the tectonic evolution of this area. LA-ICPMS U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope compositions of zircons of a granitic gneiss and an eclogite from the Xinxian UHP unit in the Hong’an area were analyzed to constrain the age of the UHP metamorphism. Most zircons are unzoned or show sector zoning. They have low trace element concentrations, without significant negative Eu anomalies. These metamorphic zircons can be further subdivided into two groups according to their U–Pb ages, and trace element and Lu–Hf isotope compositions. One group with an average age of 239 ± 2 Ma show relatively high and variable HREE contents (527 ≥ Lu_N ≥ 14) and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (0.00008–0.000931), indicating their growth prior to a great deal of garnet growth in the late stage of continental subduction. The other group yields an average age of 227 ± 2 Ma, and shows consistent low HREE contents and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, suggesting their growth with concurrent garnet crystallization and/or recrystallization. These two groups of age are taken as recording the time of prograde HP to UHP and retrograde UHP–HP stages, respectively. A few cores have high Th/U ratios, high trace element contents, and a clear negative Eu anomaly. These features support a magmatic origin of these zircon cores. The upper intercept ages of 771 ± 86 and 752 ± 70 Ma for the granitic gneiss and eclogite, respectively, indicate that their protoliths probably formed as a bimodal suite in rifting zones in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block. Young Hf model ages (T _DM1) of magmatic cores indicate juvenile (mantle-derived) materials were involved in their protolith formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

首都圈跨断层流动形变观测资料映震能力及场地监测能力分析

首都圈最早建立跨断层流动形变监测网始于20世纪60年代末,主要布设在北京周围广大地区,覆盖了主要活动断裂带.在过去的40多年里,首都圈地区及附近发生了多次强震,如1976年唐山7.8级、1989年大同6.1级和1998年张北6.2级地震等.本文首先对首都圈地区的跨断层流动形变观测资料进行了映震能力分析,然后探讨了监测场...     

车载空气潜孔锤钻进技术在煤层气井施工中的应用

韩城矿区位于陕西渭北石炭二叠系煤田东部,在大地构造位置上处在鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘,边、浅部构造复杂,断裂发育,中深部地层平缓,断裂稀少。矿区煤层气资源丰富。在分析矿区地层及钻进施工难点的基础上,应用空气潜孔锤钻进技术进行煤层井的钻探施工工作。通过对钻进中钻井液技术和钻进参数的介绍,较为详细的说明了空气潜孔锤钻进技术在煤层井的应用情况。结果表明,采用车载空气潜孔锤钻进技术能大大缩小纯钻进时间,提高钻进效率,节约成本,同时也降低了孔内事故风险。     

Integrating data from remote sensing,geology and gravity for geological investigation in the Tarhunah area,Northwest Libya

Abstract

The present work deals with the integration of remote-sensing, surface-geology and gravity-survey data to improve the structural knowledge of the Tarhunah area, northwest Libya. Geological information and remote-sensing data provided information about the surface structure. A gravity survey was conducted to decipher the subsurface structure. The results revealed that a basin having a width of 39 to 48 km trends NE. A two-dimensional (2-D) schematic model shows that the basin gradually deepens toward the southwest. Faults determined from a horizontal gradient, tilt derivative, and Euler deconvolution show a depth range of 2.5 to 7.5 km. The integration and interpretation of the results indicate that volcanic activity was related to the tectonic activity of an anticlinal structure called the Jabal Uplift.     

Age model, physical properties and paleoceanographic implications of the middle Pleistocene core sediments in the Choshi area, central Japan

Abstract   A continuous, well-preserved core was obtained from the Choshi area, on the Pacific side of Japan, to investigate paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes around the northwestern Pacific region during the middle Pleistocene. Siliciclastic sequences in the core are divided into five formations – the Obama, Yokone, Kurahashi and Toyosato Formations in the Inubo Group and the Katori Formation, in ascending order. Examination of calcareous nannofossils and magnetic polarities detected four datums in the core sediments of the Inubo Group: the top of Reticulofenestra asanoi , the base of Helicosphaera inversa , the top of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary. Fourteen marine isotope stages (MIS24–MIS11) were identified in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records based on detected datums and the graphic correlation with the standard stack oxygen isotope curve. Magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator density were also measured and low values characterize the glacial intervals. Biogenic sedimentation by primary production may be larger during the glacial periods because of invasions of nutrient-rich northern surface-waters related to the southward shift of the Kuroshio front in the Choshi area.     

青藏高原均衡场与非潮汐重力测量

根据已有资料与1°×1°平均布格异常和1°×1°平均地形高,计算出青藏高原均衡异常场。     

Stochastic model-based methods for handling uncertainty in areal interpolation

Handling of uncertainty in the estimation of values from source areas to target areas poses a challenge in areal interpolation research. Stochastic model-based methods offer a basis for incorporating such uncertainty, but to date they have not been widely adopted by the GIS community. In this article, we propose one use of such methods based in the problem of interpolating count data from a source set of zones (parishes) to a more widely used target zone geography (postcode sectors). The model developed also uses ancillary statistical count data for a third set of areas nested within both source and target zones. The interpolation procedure was implemented within a Bayesian statistical framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, enabling us to take account of all sources of uncertainty included in the model. Distributions of estimated values at the target zone level are presented using both summary statistics and as individual realisations selected to illustrate the degree of uncertainty in the interpolation results. We aim to describe the use of such stochastic approaches in an accessible way and to highlight the need for quantifying estimation uncertainty arising in areal interpolation, especially given the implications arising when interpolated values are used in subsequent analyses of relationships.     

云南富宁地区泥盆系—石炭系界线碳、氧同位素特征及对海平面变化的响应

右江盆地沉积连续的泥盆纪—石炭纪岩石地层,是中国泥盆纪与石炭纪之交Hangenberg生物大灭绝事件的重点研究区域。选取右江盆地西缘云南富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层,在岩石地层学研究的基础上对碳酸盐岩进行系统的碳、氧同位素组成研究。富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层存在不同幅度的δ13C、δ18O负向偏移,尤其在泥盆系—石炭系界线附近负偏移明显,δ13C、δ18O值偏移层位与层序地层学转换及古生物灭绝事件发生层位一致,反映了晚泥盆世法门期海平面下降和早石炭世的海侵事件。研究区泥盆系—石炭系界线附近δ13C值负偏趋势与右江盆地内δ13C值演化偏移相似,华南其他典型剖面δ13C值亦呈现不同幅度的负向偏移,泥盆纪与石炭纪之交的碳同位素演化序列与欧洲、北美地区δ13C值负向偏移反映的海平面下降事件一致,具全球性对比意义。     

西藏仲巴地区曲嘎组的拆解

根据1∶5万仲巴地区区域地质调查,对雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段夹持于2套混杂岩之间的仲巴微地体原二叠系曲嘎组进行了拆解。研究认为：①原曲嘎组可以解体为3套地层,分别是下古生界的奥陶系—志留系紫曲浦群、上古生界泥盆系纳登尔组和石炭系—二叠系曲嘎群,新建曲嘎群与原曲嘎组没有直接对应或者级别关系;②紫曲浦群以变质碳酸盐岩为主,下部紫曲电站组为紫红色、灰色大理岩与结晶灰岩组合,属中—晚奥陶世,上部紫曲石组以紫红色大理岩为特征,暂归志留纪;③纳登尔组由一套灰色千枚状板岩和钙质片岩组成,上部结晶灰岩增多,时代为泥盆纪,可归属马攸木群;④曲嘎群可划分为3个组：岗珠淌组,以灰色、灰绿色板岩、粉砂岩为主,向上砂岩和灰岩增多,属于石炭纪—早二叠世（乌拉尔世）早期;仲巴组,以肉红色灰质晶粒白云岩及杂色生物屑云质灰岩为特点,分为2个岩性段,属于早—中二叠世（乌拉尔世—瓜德鲁普世早中期）;卡扎勒组以深灰色钙质板岩为主或夹结晶灰岩和砂岩或互层,属于中—晚二叠世（瓜德鲁普世—乐平世）;⑤仲巴地区曲嘎组的拆解在仲巴微地体西部和老仲巴以东的应用有待证实,其在岩性上与相邻地体同期地层有较大差别,但在生物群组成方面具有相似性。