Analysis of the Surface Energy Closure for a Site in the Gobi Desert in Northwest China

The heat storage terms over an ideal(non-vegetated) horizontal desert surface may be very important and easily neglected in surface energy balance studies.In this paper,based on a field experiment over the Gobi Desert in the middle part of the Hexi Corridor in Northwest China(39 05 N,100 16 E;1457-m elevation),we studied the energy budget closure and evaluated the contribution of the heat storage terms to the closure of the surface energy balance.There were imbalances of 8% and 15% in summer and winter,respectively,if the heat storage terms were not taken into account.For both seasons,a nearly perfect result of the surface energy closure(99%) was obtained by inclusion of the estimates of heat storage terms.The soil heat storage term improved the surface energy imbalance by about 6% in summer and 13% in winter,and the air enthalpy storage term improved it by about 0.6% in summer and 1% in winter,while the contribution of the atmospheric moisture changes could be ignored.     

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床斑岩体与脉体关系研究

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床是新疆境内发现的第一个特大型钼矿床,与典型的斑岩型钼矿床不同的是矿体不是产于斑岩体的内外接触带,而是产于斑岩体外侧围岩脉体中。与矿化有关的脉体主要为具一定规模的石英脉,其次为钾长石脉,此外尚有复成分脉体如方解石—石英脉、萤石—石英脉、萤石—钾长石脉等。脉体之外围岩中基本无矿化。文章从东戈壁成矿斑状花岗岩体与矿化脉体的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征对比入手研究了斑状花岗岩体与矿化脉体的同源性,即二者为同源岩浆演化序列,各种脉体是斑状花岗岩浆演化至期后分异的产物,说明成矿热液主要来源于斑状花岗岩浆,此研究对进一步深入探讨岩浆热液成矿作用方式及成矿作用过程具有借鉴及指导意义。     

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床成矿流体包裹体温度——压力研究

东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床是在新疆境内发现的第一个特大型钼矿,钼资源量(331)+(332)+(333)约503 474.66 t,矿石平均品位0.115％.矿床的形成与隐伏斑状花岗岩体有关,矿化的主要载体是以石英脉、钾长石脉为主的各种脉体,即该矿床兼具斑岩型及脉型矿床的特征.通过对含矿脉体中流体包裹体的研究,初步确定矿床的成矿温度为197～390℃,成矿压力为531.04×105～752.10×105 Pa,成矿深度为1.68～2.39 km,成矿流体为富含多种气态组分的低盐度流体;成矿时代为华力西晚期;矿床成因类型应为浅成中高温岩浆热液型钼矿床.     

Noah-MP陆面模式在东疆黑戈壁的适用性

新疆东部黑戈壁作为气候恶劣、人迹罕至及黑色砾石下垫面的生态脆弱区,陆面过程参数化方案不易确定。利用东疆哈密戈壁陆气相互作用站观测数据集,开展Noah-MP陆面模式离线模拟试验,找出适合戈壁区域的最佳参数化方案,并给出了土壤湿度对戈壁区域陆气热交换的影响。结果表明：（1）针对感热通量、潜热通量、净辐射通量和土壤地表温度均表现为第二种参数化方案组合的模拟误差最小,模式效率最高。（2）模式针对土壤湿度的模拟效果均不好,模式预报土壤湿度偏干,第七种方案的模式效率指数较高。（3）针对土壤10 cm温度,第一种方案虽预报效率指数最高,但误差达1.2 ℃左右,第二种方案是模拟和实测误差最小的一种方案,模式预报结果比实测低0.4 ℃。综上所述,第二种方案在东疆黑戈壁地区的普适性最高。（4）Noah-MP在RMAPS-CA系统中在线耦合后,2 m温度的预报效果整体要优于离线Noah模式。     

The first discovery of the middle Lochkovian (Devonian) conodonts in South Gobi,Mongolia

The Tsagaanbulag Formation of the Ulaan-Shand section in the Shine Jinst area was assigned to Silurian (Wenlock-Pridoli) previously. But the present authors have found some very important conodonts, including Lanea omoalpha, Amydrotaxis johnsoni, "Ozarkodina" planililingua, Pedavis sp., from the Tsagaanbulag and Amansair formations, clearly indicating that these two formations should be assigned to middle Lochkovian which are widely distributed in China and Mongolia. The existence of the marine Wenlockain and early Ludlovian deposits in Mongolia is a noteworthy problem.     

戈壁景观区金矿化探普查找矿模式

传统（规范）的金矿化普查找矿方法在戈壁景观区存在着一些不足。为提高找矿成功率、增大找矿效用建立了区带金矿化找矿的目标体系、方法技术体系、工作网度、工作程序，并经优化组合后提出了系统的工作模式。     

降水强迫对戈壁局地气候系统水、热输送的影响

用黑河实验中化音站（戈壁）加强期的湍流脉动场资料对降水强迫影响戈壁局地气候系统水、热输送的过程进行了系统分析。结果表明：降水强迫会使戈壁局地气候系统出现暂时的不平衡状态，要重新回到平衡状态需要通过物质和能量的重新调配来实现。该过程可划分为４个阶段，各个阶段间的感热、潜热和水汽通量均有较大差异。从近地层水、热输送特征看，受降水强迫后非平衡状态的张弛时段大约为４ｄ。在整个张弛期间，地表接收到的降水约有２／３通过地表蒸发后输送到大气，其余部分可能被渗入地下     

Field And Wind-Tunnel Studies Of Aerodynamic Roughness Length

The aerodynamic roughness length (z₀) values of three Gobi desert surfaces were obtained by measurement of the boundary-layer wind profile in the field. To clarify the factors affecting the Gobi surface aerodynamic roughness length, a wind-tunnel experiment was conducted. The wind-tunnel simulation shows that z₀ values increase with increasingsize and coverage of roughness elements. Especially, the shape and height of roughnesselements are more important than other factors in affecting roughness length. The roughness length increases with decreasing values of the geometric parameter (the ratio of element horizontal surface area to height, ) of roughness elements. But at a higher free stream velocity, the height is more important than the shape in affecting roughness length.     

戈壁区煤田三维地震勘探的应用实践

针对新疆塔城地区某煤矿三维地震勘探区戈壁地表复杂、目的层埋藏浅等地质条件,阐述了在野外数据采集、室内资料处理及资料解释的不同阶段所采用的相应技术措施和取得的地质效果。勘探结果表明:在目的层较浅的复杂地表区,采取小CDP网格、高覆盖次数、现场监控、精细处理、人机交互辅助解释和多元地质信息分析等技术手段,可以获得勘探精度较高的地震地质成果。     

东疆黑戈壁陆面过程参数及陆面模式离线模拟

新疆东部黑戈壁气候恶劣、人迹罕至,是具有黑色砾石下垫面的生态脆弱区。利用东疆哈密戈壁陆气相互作用站2018年全年观测资料,给出该戈壁地表动力学与热力学粗糙度、比辐射率和地表反照率等陆面过程特征参数,并将这些参数代入Noah模式对该戈壁热通量、地表温度及土壤温湿度进行模拟。结果表明：（1）东疆黑戈壁下垫面动力学粗糙度为1.13×10-3 m,热力学粗糙度为0.32×10-3 m,比辐射率为0.905。（2）地表反照率日变化呈早晚高,中午低的“U”型曲线。12月因地面积雪,反照率最高,年内极大值出现在12月8日,为0.79,年均反照率为0.29。地表反照率关于太阳高度角的参数化方案为：α=0.78-0.47×(1-e^((-h)/1.12)),地表反照率关于5 cm土壤湿度的参数化方案为α=0.28-0.136w_s。（3）将改进后的陆面过程参数带入Noah模式,大大提高了模式在戈壁区域的模拟能力。