山西断陷系交城断裂全新世古地震活动初步研究

断错地貌调查及探槽开挖表明,晋中盆地西界分布的黄土台地的前、后缘均存在断层,断层的最新活动位于地表陡坎的前缘,地表见到的断层最新活动断面的上升盘是早全新世地层。同时,新民探槽开挖表明,该断裂在早全新世以后曾发生三次古地震事件,最新一次活动接近距今2748a,另两期古地震事件的时间分别距今4037～5910a及8360～5910a。如果取后两次古地震事件时间跨度的中值,这三次古地震事件的间隔分别是2225a和2162a,平均2193a。     

强矿震地球物理过程及短临阶段预测的研究

基于中尺度地震实验场高密度数字地震和前兆台网对抚顺老虎台矿两次强矿震进行连续的现场观测,用地震学方法和小波工具分析强矿震孕震过程采集到的数据,提取短临阶段的异常信息;用区域强震震源机制解、强矿震的震源机制解、极近场震源调查、震源高精度定位、现场绝对地应力测量、三维有限差分数值试验方法,分析强矿震的孕震应力场环境和震源机制;通过定量观察采矿与矿震活动的相关性,分析强矿震的直接诱发原因．提出地质构造环境、地应力场和采矿活动共同作用诱发强矿震的机理和局部应力场在孕育该震过程起主导作用、卸荷重力应力场抑或耦合了高压瓦斯的膨胀起主要诱发作用的观点;发现煤炭深部开采条件下,矿震和瓦斯存在密切的相关性,有可能存在一种开采卸荷和高压瓦斯气体膨胀耦合作用诱发的新型矿震——卸胀耦合型矿震;提取到震前短临阶段存在的b值、η值、频次、波速比等可信的地震学异常和定点潮汐形变前兆异常,对异常信息的提取方法和强矿震短临阶段的预测进行了探讨．     

金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)蛋白抗氧化肽的酶解制备及活性评价

采用木瓜蛋白酶水解金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)蛋白, 利用超滤、凝胶色谱和反相高效液相色谱从金乌贼蛋白水解物中制备抗氧化肽, 采用氨基酸序列分析仪和质谱(ESI-MS)确定抗氧化肽结构, 采用自由基清除实验和脂质过氧化抑制实验对多肽抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明, 金乌贼蛋白经木瓜蛋白酶水解和分离纯化得到1个抗氧化肽(AEH-P3), 经氨基酸序列分析和质谱(ESI-MS)确定其结构为Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Asn-Gly-Met-Ala-Gln-Met (APPENGMAQM), 分子量为1045.22Da。体外抗氧化实验结果表明: AEH-P3对DPPH自由基(EC50 4.01mg/mL)、羟自由基(EC50 4.66mg/mL)、ABTS自由基(EC50 3.44mg/mL)和超氧阴离子自由基(EC50 6.03mg/mL)具有良好的清除作用, Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Asn-Gly-Met-Ala-Gln-Met (APPENGMAQM)亦显示出了良好的脂质过氧化抑制作用, 可以用于抗氧化相关的功能食品、药物或者食品添加剂。     

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)化学成分的研究

利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等技术,从坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)乙醇提取物首次分离纯化得到了7个化合物,通过质谱(MS)及核磁共振波谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)等现代波谱技术鉴定为：1,8-二羟基-9,10-蒽醌(1)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、鲨肝醇(5)、(E)-N-2(1,3-二羟基-4-十八烯基)-十六酰胺(6)、胆甾醇(7)。其中,化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为80μg/mL。     

球等鞭金藻胞外多糖的体外抗氧化活性和理化性质的初步分析

前期研究采用离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析,制备到一种球等鞭金藻胞外纯多糖ECPSⅢ。在此基础上,采用化学比色法研究了 ECPSⅢ的体外抗氧化活性;同时,通过测定 ECPSⅢ中的硫酸基和糖醛酸含量,初步分析了ECPSⅢ的理化性质。结果表明, ECPSⅢ具有清除超氧阴离子(O2·ˉ)、羟基自由基(·OH)和过氧化氢(H2O2)等活性氧的能力和一定的还原力。其中, ECPSⅢ对O2·ˉ和·OH的清除能力较强。ECPSⅢ中的硫酸基和糖醛酸含量分别为76.90 mg/g和17.1%,是一种富含硫酸基和糖醛酸的酸性多糖。     

Accuracy Assessment of the TOPEX/Poseidon Ionosphere Measurements

We conducted an assessment of the TOPEX dual-frequency nadir ionosphere observations in the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) GDR by comparing TOPEX with the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Global Ionosphere Map (GIM), the climatological model IRI2001, and the DORIS (onboard T/P) relative ionosphere delays. We investigated the TOPEX (TOPEX Side A and TOPEX Side B altimeters, TSA and TSB, respectively) ionosphere observations for the time period 1995–2001, covering periods of low, intermediate, and high solar activity. Here, we use absolute path delays (at Ku-band frequency of the TOPEX altimeter and with positive signs) rather than Total Electron Content (TEC). We found significant biases between GIM and TOPEX (GIM–TOPEX) nadir ionosphere path delays: ?8.1 ± 0.4 {mm} formal uncertainties and equivalent to 3.7 TECu) and ?9.0 ± 0.7 {mm} (4.1 TECu) for TSA and TSB, respectively, indicating that the TOPEX path delay is longer (or with higher TECu) than GIM. The estimated relative biases vary with latitude and with daytime or nighttime passes. The estimated biases in the path delays (DORIS–TOPEX) are: ?10.9 ± 0.4 {mm} (5.0 TECu) and ?14.8 ± 0.6 {mm} (6.7 TECu), for TSA and TSB, respectively. There is a distinct jump of the DORIS path delays (?3.9 ± 0.7 {mm}, TSA delays longer than TSB delays) at the TSB altimeter switch in February 1999, presumably due to inconsistent DORIS processing. The origin of the bias between GIM (GPS, L-band) and TOPEX (radar altimeter, Ku-band) is currently unknown and warrants further investigation. Finally, the estimated drift rates between GIM and TSA, DORIS and TSA ionosphere path delays for the 6-year study span are ?0.4 mm/yr and ?0.8 mm/yr, respectively, providing a possible error bound for the TOPEX/Poseidon sea level observations during periods of low and intermediate solar activity.     

GPS positioning accuracy using precise real‐time ephemeris and clock correction

Global positioning system (GPS) has found applications in various areas including marine geodesy. GPS positioning accuracy, however, is greatly degraded by GPS ephemeris and clock errors, particularly errors due to Selective Availability (SA). Thus, it is crucial to use precise ephemeris and clock corrections for users who require high position accuracy. Presently, precise ephemeris and clock corrections are available only in post‐mission. This paper investigates the generation of precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections and the positioning accuracy using them. In this research, precise real‐time ephemeris is generated from accurate dynamic orbit prediction and clock corrections are calculated using instantaneous GPS measurements. Numerical analysis using data from an actual GPS tracking network is performed that indicates use of precise ephemeris and clock corrections can improve the positioning accuracy to the one meter level. This accuracy is attainable in real‐time as the precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections become available in the future.     

Mathematical modelling of volcanic tsunamis

The height of widespread tsunami runup about the Bay of Plenty from various volcanic scenarios involving eruptions at White Island is shown to be insignificant in all cases considered, except for Krakatoa‐type explosions. The problem of localised inundation remains unanswered. Some definitions describing volcanic tsunami risk, introduced recently by J. Latter (Bulletin volcanologique 1982), are briefly mentioned. All numerical calculations assumed cylindrical symmetry and used a flux‐corrected Lax‐Wendroff algorithm to solve the modified shallow water equations of Peregrine.     

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)珍珠钙代谢的周年性变化研究

采用生态调查和生理生化方法,对植片后的1龄三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)进行了为期一年的调查研究,拟探讨珍珠形成和钙代谢的相关性。定期测定珍珠囊和珍珠的重量、直径及水温,同时取其鳃、围心腔和外套膜组织进行酸、碱性磷酸酶活性检测及钙含量等测定。结果表明,1龄植片后的三角帆其蚌珍珠囊和珍珠在一周年之中出现三次快速生长期。外套膜中的酸、碱性磷酸酶均在165d时升至最高。鳃组织中钙含量显著高于围心腔和外套膜。经Pearson相关分析显示,珍珠囊和珍珠的重量、直径分别与三种组织中的碱性磷酸酶活性及外套膜中的钙含量呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);同时,外套膜中的钙含量与三种组织中的碱性磷酸酶呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);水温与外套膜、围心腔中的钙含量呈显著性负相关(P<0.05),与三种组织中的酸性磷酸酶呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。提示:鳃是三角帆蚌钙吸收、贮存和钙调节的重要器官,形成珍珠的钙一部分来源于循环系统,另一部分可由外套膜直接从环境中吸收,碱性磷酸酶对珍珠生长起着重要的调节作用。     

Behavioural observations of the common octopus Octopus vulgaris in Baía dos Tigres,southern Angola

Observations on the behaviour of the common octopus Octopus vulgaris were made during daytime and night-time sampling on an unexploited rocky reef habitat in Baía dos Tigres, southern Angola. The relative numerical abundance sampled was 0.47 octopus person^–1 h^–1 during the day and 5.33 octopus person^–1 h^–1 during the night, suggesting that the population under study was nocturnal. The activity patterns differed between sizes of octopus. Small octopus (<20 cm total length [TL]) were observed roaming during the night, whereas the large individuals (>20 cm TL) generally fed in their dens. This ontogenetic behavioural shift may be due to tidal constraints or could be a strategy to avoid cannibalism. Octopus inhabiting a shallow, small-boulder substratum made extensive modifications to their habitat, excavating dens of up to 1 m deep in the sand below the boulders. These dens were not visible during the day as the octopus appeared to retract the small boulders over their den entrances. This unique behavioural strategy is thought to be a means to reduce predation and reduce light intensity during the day. Octopus were not observed in the small-boulder habitat during the five hours of daytime sampling. With nocturnal activity and extensive habitat modification, it is likely that avoidance of predation may be an important driver influencing the behaviour of the octopus population under study.