Made in Japan: The Japanese market and herring roe production and management in Canada's southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

The herring roe fishery in Canada's southern Gulf of St. Lawrence is a productive fishery that lies outside the confines of privatized arrangements. Yet, this fishery is compromised by its dependence on the Japanese seafood market. Consideration of the efficiency of this fishery needs to account for the role assumed by this market in setting fishing practices. A more ecologically and economically efficient use of the herring resource requires greater attention to supply chain integration by local harvesters, processors and buyers prior to engaging with distant markets. This is necessary regardless of the property rights regime that is in place.     

全球垂直基准研究中的几点思考

目前全球垂直基准问题的研究已受到各有关国家的关注。介绍了建立全球垂直基准的意义、作用和方法,指出了研究中存在的一些问题,并提出了解决这些问题的初步意见。     

全球变化下地表反照率研究进展

地表反照率表征地球表面对太阳辐射的反射能力,决定着地表与大气之间辐射能量的分配过程,是影响地球气候系统的关键变量。在全球变化日益突出的今天,地表反照率与全球变化的相互影响机制已经成为地球科学研究领域的热点问题之一。地表反照率的细微变化,会影响到地气系统的能量收支平衡,进而引起区域以至全球气候变化。详细介绍地表反照率影响...     

电测深及水文测井在塔里木盆地寻找地下淡水体的研究

本文通过对多年来积累的水文物探资料的初步分析研究,发现含水层的电性特征与地下水矿化度之间存在着幂函数的变化规律,其相关关系式为Ｍｓ＝３３．９３５３ρｓ＾－１．１４１６和ＭＪ＝３３．５８９２ρｓ＾－１．０４９６,这在近年来寻找地下淡水体方面发挥了重要作用,并取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

直流电法在水文地质勘查中的应用研究

直流电法主要有电阻率法（联合剖面法和电测深法）和充电法,广泛应用于工程地质和水文地质勘察中,如地基勘察,水库涌水处理,矿山岩溶水测量等。直流电法能有效地圈定含水体的位置,确定其产状,特别是选择的方法组合应用效果更佳,为工程水文地质提供准确的资料。     

乐业-凤山世界地质公园岩溶地貌景观特征与价值分析

乐业-凤山世界地质公园发育在“孤岛”状的碳酸盐岩区上,以高峰丛深洼地、大洞穴、大峡谷、天坑群、天窗群、天生桥、地下河为特色,景观类型丰富、系统完整、珍稀典型,观赏价值与科研价值极高。公园内不同地貌景观由于成因差异而各具特色,经定性与定量评价:天坑群、天窗群是世界级品牌景观,为公园五级地貌景观;天生桥、峡谷是公园重要景观,为公园四级地貌景观;峰丛洼地、峰丛谷地、坡立谷、洞穴景观是公园地貌景观的重要组成部分,为公园三级地貌景观;穿洞、岩溶泉、地下河景观是公园地貌景观的重要补充,为二级地貌景观;落水洞、竖井是公园点缀地貌景观,为公园一级地貌景观。      

On the global stratotype section and point of the Triassic base

A unique succession of volcanogenic deposits with representative paleontological remains characterizing the Permian-Triassic boundary interval in the North Siberian platform and Taimyr is described. The succession is suitable for selecting a standard for the Triassic base in nonmarine deposits. Abundant and diverse fossils occurring in the succession evidence that volcanism responsible for origin of the plateau basalt province in Siberia was not a brief epoch of paroxysmal eruptions, which eliminated everything alive. Throughout the formation history of relevant plateau basalts, the organic world of the plateau and around existed and gradually evolved.     

高密度电法中的"异常扩展效应"及归位计算方法

对高密度电法勘探的异常扩展效应问题进行了较深人的分析；提出了利用相关分析进行归位计算的方法。通过对球体及板状体的Pole-Pole、Wanner-alpha装置的异常归位计算，表明该方法对复杂异常的解释具有效果。     

丹霞山世界地质公园蜂窝状洞穴特征及成因分析

蜂窝状洞穴以其精致的形貌和众说纷纭的成因吸引着科研人员和普通大众的兴趣。丹霞山世界地质公园蜂窝状洞穴主要产于晚白垩世丹霞组二段(锦石岩段)风成砂岩的崖壁上。本文以园区长老峰锦石岩寺和睡美人禄意堂两处蜂窝状洞穴为研究对象,通过野外实地调查,了解洞穴生长环境,定量统计分析其形态特征,并采集砂岩样品进行显微镜下观察,探讨洞穴形成与盐风化作用的关系。研究表明:蜂窝状洞穴所在的岩性主要为中—细粒长石岩屑砂岩,发育大型高角度交错层理,渗透性较好;洞穴开口均向下朝向锦江,有利于来自锦江河流的湿润水汽较长时间地保持在小洞内部;洞穴开口基本服从泰森多边形分布。因此,碎屑颗粒相对比较均匀的风成砂岩为丹霞山蜂窝状洞穴的发育提供了重要的岩石基础,锦江河流为盐风化提供了必要的湿润水汽和盐分。在初始发育阶段,从岩壁上最适合盐风化作用的若干个点开始形成细小的坑洼,逐步向同层位扩张。单个小洞穴由于盐风化作用,洞穴内部风化速率大于洞穴开口边缘,导致蜂窝状洞穴内部空间扩大较快。然后,蜂窝状洞穴的发育突破纹层的限制,逐步加大、变深而呈泰森多边形规则分布。最终,随着洞穴加深,在重力、风力的影响下,蜂窝状洞穴隔壁减薄失稳,洞穴消亡。     

Differential modulation of eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) disease parasites by the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is affected by two protozoan parasites, Perkinsus marinus which causes Dermo disease and Haplosporidium nelsoni which causes MSX (Multinucleated Sphere Unknown) disease. Both diseases are largely controlled by water temperature and salinity and thus are potentially sensitive to climate variations resulting from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which influences climate along the Gulf of Mexico coast, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which influences climate along the Atlantic coast of the United States. In this study, a 10-year time series of temperature and salinity and P. marinus infection intensity for a site in Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico coast and a 52-year time series of air temperature and freshwater inflow and oyster mortality from Delaware Bay on the Atlantic coast of the United States were analyzed to determine patterns in disease and disease-induced mortality in C. virginica populations that resulted from ENSO and NAO climate variations. Wavelet analysis was used to decompose the environmental, disease infection intensity and oyster mortality time series into a time–frequency space to determine the dominant modes of variability and the time variability of the modes. For the Louisiana site, salinity and Dermo disease infection intensity are correlated at a periodicity of 4 years, which corresponds to ENSO. The influence of ENSO on Dermo disease along the Gulf of Mexico is through its effect on salinity, with high salinity, which occurs during the La Niña phase of ENSO at this location, favoring parasite proliferation. For the Delaware Bay site, the primary correlation was between temperature and oyster mortality, with a periodicity of 8 years, which corresponds to the NAO. Warmer temperatures, which occur during the positive phase of the NAO, favor the parasites causing increased oyster mortality. Thus, disease prevalence and intensity in C. virginica populations along the Gulf of Mexico coast is primarily regulated by salinity, whereas temperature regulates the disease process along the United States east coast. These results show that the response of an organism to climate variability in a region is not indicative of the response that will occur over the entire range of a particular species. This has important implications for management of marine resources, especially those that are commercially harvested.