离子色谱法测定土壤中有效氟

利用离子交换-电导检测离子色谱法对土壤中有效氟进行测定。选用30 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,流速1.20 mL/min,准确测定有效态(可提取态)氟含量。方法加标回收率为95%~108%,精密度好,检出限低,操作简单,对环境无污染,适合于土壤污染状况的调查。     

塔里木东北部英南2气藏天然气运移和聚集

基于大量的地质和地球化学证据,本文详细论述了塔里木盆地塔东北地区英吉苏凹陷英南2气藏的天然气运移和聚集.研究指出:英南2气藏天然气主要来源于寒武系烃源岩,为早期聚集的寒武系来源油的裂解气.该气藏的成藏期主要为燕山末期,天然气的运移通道主要为沟通寒武系古油藏与上覆侏罗系圈闭的断裂.英南2气藏的聚集过程导致了其与邻近构造油气聚集的差异,也导致了其天然气地球化学特征上的差异.     

Chemistry of organic traces in air

The occurrence of CH₂Br₂, CH₂BrCl, CH₂I₂, CH₂ClI, CHBr₃, CHBr₂Cl, CHBrCl₂ and CH₂Br-CH₂Br in marine air and seawater from various sampling sites in the region of the Atlantic Ocean have been measured and evaluated. A correlation exists between high concentrations of these compounds in air and in water and the occurrence of algae at the coastlines of various islands (The Azores, Bermuda, Tenerife) and in a region of high bioactivity in the Atlantic Ocean near the West African coast.Real-world air-water concentration ratios derived from measurements in the open ocean identify the water mass near the African coast with its high primary production as a source for the above compounds. This region has to be discussed also as a possible secondary source in which CHBr₂Cl, CHBrCl₂ and CH₂ClI can be formed via halogen-exchange. Whether CHBrCl₂ and CH₂ClI under-go transformation to CHCl₃ and CH₂Cl₂, respectively, is open to further investigations.Direct photolysis and degradation by OH-radicals lead to a gradient in the marine troposphere with reduced concentrations for the organobromides above the tropospheric boundary layer.Partly presented at: 2nd International Symposium on Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange, Mainz, F.R.Germany, 16–21 March, 1986. Part VII: Chemosphere 15 (1986) 429–436.     

我国瓦里关山、兴隆温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O的背景浓度

为了研究中国大陆温室性气体CO₂、CH₄和N₂O大气浓度的区域分布和变化特征以及与人类活动的关系,从1995~2000年,先后在青海瓦里关山全球大气基准站（36°18′N,100°54′E,3810 m）及河北中国科学院兴隆天文台（40°24′N,117°30′E, 940 m）,利用不锈钢瓶取样和气相色谱法分析,观测了两地大气中温室气体CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的浓度及其变化情况。结果表明:兴隆和瓦里关山站CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的同期年平均浓度分别为376.7×10-6和373.5×10-6,1886×10-9和1831×10-9,316.7×10-9和314.9×10-9。从1995~2000年,兴隆站CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的年增长率分别为1.95×10-6,9.02×10-9和0.75×10-9。而瓦里关山站从1997~2000年,CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的年增长率分别为1.41×10-6,9.95×10-9和0.82×10-9。两地大气中三种气体的浓度与年增长率与全球同类台站的观测结果接近。同时也在一定程度上反映了各自不同的环境背景特征。     

瓦里关山大气甲烷本底浓度变化特征的分析

用气相色谱法在瓦里关全球基准站进行了大气甲烷（CH4）的连续测量,结合NOAA/CMDL气瓶采样CH4浓度资料的分析结果,给出了我国内陆高原大气CH4本底浓度的变化特征。分析结果表明:瓦里关山大气CH4浓度在1780×10-9～1840×10-9范围内波动,浓度值的变化范围符合中高纬度地区CH4浓度分布;CH4浓度有明显的日变化,夏季的变化趋势及振幅与冬春季有所不同;季节变化幅度不大,与全球大气CH4浓度本底值季节变化的特征及变化幅度的地理分布不太一致;有明显的年际变化,CH4年平均浓度表现为逐年升高,年     

Particle Size Distribution and Gas-Particle Partition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Helsinki Urban Area

Ambient concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in Helsinki (Finland). Particle mass size distributions were obtained with a cascade impactor (12 stages) with glass fibre filters as substrates. Simultaneously with the impactor measurements, particulate and gaseous PAHs were collected on a quartz filter and XAD-2 adsorbent, respectively, for evaluation of gas-partition coefficients. Samples were analysed for PAHs by on-line coupled supercritical fluid extraction — liquid chromatography — gas chromatography — mass spectrometry. The impactor results showed that most of the PAHs in Helsinki urban area were concentrated in fine particles (<2.5 μm diameter) with unimode peak at about 1 μm. The results were comparable with the number distribution measured with a differential mobility particle sizer. Total amounts of PAHs (gas + particle) varied from 15 (acenaphthylene) to 1990 (fluorene) pg/m³. The PAHs lighter than 202 amu (pyrene and fluoranthene) were exclusively in gas phase, whereas those heavier than 202 amu were mostly associated with particles. A plot of the partition coefficients (logKp) versus the temperature dependent sub-cooled vapour pressures (logp _L ⁰ ) showed a gradient of −0.66, which deviated from equilibrium state (gradient = −1).     

滇东北油气盐矿产资源成矿条件与找矿前景

综合研究滇东北地面及深孔地质资料,认为彝良洛旺向斜内的百里背斜是探索上古生界油气资源理想构造。威信瓦石背斜、盐津米滩子背斜有可能找到大型隐伏岩盐矿床。进一步工作可扩大上二叠统煤炭资源。     

中国海相油气田勘探实例之十一 四川盆地五百梯石炭系气田的勘探与发现

五百梯石炭系气田位于重庆市开县和四川省开江县境内,是一个具有统一气水界面的大型整装气田。气田发现于1989年,探明地质储量为539.88×108m3(1993年)。石炭系气藏的气体来源于下伏志留系,为低含硫低含二氧化碳的优质干气。储层沉积相主要为海湾浅滩微相,有形成粒屑白云岩的有利条件,沉积物间歇性暴露水面,后生成岩变化作用彻底,溶孔发育。气田构造处于四川盆地开江古隆起东侧斜坡带,遭受剥蚀程度的不均匀性使局部区域石炭系缺失,由此形成大型构造-地层复合圈闭。论述了气田勘探和发现的历程及石炭系气藏的主要地质特征,总结了取得勘探突破的实践与认识。     

Fluid regime of the amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy fold area (Far East)

Chromatographic and electrochemical measurements, combined with computer simulation of the natural mineral parageneses and estimation of the stability field of muscovite-bearing assemblages, yielded a consistent model of the fluid regime for the amphibolite-facies metamorphism of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy fold area (DSFA). The model allows the fluid differentiation into “internal” and “external” fluids. The “internal” fluid is formed by the volatiles of the rock, while the “external” fluid arrived from an outer source: the mantle or other reservoir. It is established that the chromatographic and electrochemical measurements refer to the “external” fluid, whereas the redox state estimated from the mineral equilibria is related to the “internal” fluid, whose composition is buffered by the equilibrium mineral assemblage. The “external” fluid trapped by rocks preserves its own redox state only at the regtrograde stage, when the solid-phase reactions slacken and the buffer role of the mineral assemblages is minimized. This aspect explains the contradiction between the wide variations in the oxidation state of the mineral equilibria (log fO₂ from ?15 to ?20), on the one hand, and the persistent oxidation state of the external fluid established by the chromatographic and electrochemical methods, on the other hand. The main reason for the wide development of hornblende-bearing assemblages in the amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy fold system is the high H₂O pressure in the “external” fluid. According to the obtained data, the composition of the “external” fluid is determined by the conditions $ P_{H_2 O} Chromatographic and electrochemical measurements, combined with computer simulation of the natural mineral parageneses and estimation of the stability field of muscovite-bearing assemblages, yielded a consistent model of the fluid regime for the amphibolite-facies metamorphism of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy fold area (DSFA). The model allows the fluid differentiation into “internal” and “external” fluids. The “internal” fluid is formed by the volatiles of the rock, while the “external” fluid arrived from an outer source: the mantle or other reservoir. It is established that the chromatographic and electrochemical measurements refer to the “external” fluid, whereas the redox state estimated from the mineral equilibria is related to the “internal” fluid, whose composition is buffered by the equilibrium mineral assemblage. The “external” fluid trapped by rocks preserves its own redox state only at the regtrograde stage, when the solid-phase reactions slacken and the buffer role of the mineral assemblages is minimized. This aspect explains the contradiction between the wide variations in the oxidation state of the mineral equilibria (log fO₂ from −15 to −20), on the one hand, and the persistent oxidation state of the external fluid established by the chromatographic and electrochemical methods, on the other hand. The main reason for the wide development of hornblende-bearing assemblages in the amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy fold system is the high H₂O pressure in the “external” fluid. According to the obtained data, the composition of the “external” fluid is determined by the conditions ≥ 0.7 P_S and = 0.01–0.3. The oxidation potential of the “external” fluid is close to that of the H₂O-C system under carbon-saturated vapor conditions. Original Russian Text ? O.V. Avchenko, I.A. Aleksandrov, V.O. Khudolozhkin, M.A. Mishkin, 2009, published in Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya, 2009, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 3–15.     

Uncertainty of gas saturation estimates in a subbituminous coal seam

To assess the commercial viability of a coalbed methane prospect two of the key geological parameters measured are gas content (desorbed gas) and gas holding capacity (adsorption capacity). These two measures, together with reservoir pressure, give an estimate of the gas saturation of the reservoir. Typically gas saturation has been assessed by collecting one adsorption isotherm sample and assuming it is representative of the whole seam reservoir conditions. This study addresses that assumption.To understand the level of variation, and thus the inherent uncertainty in saturation, one core (Jasper-1) from the Huntly coalfield in New Zealand was analysed in detail. Ten samples (representing the whole coal seam) were placed into gas desorption canisters and desorbed for ten days and then analysed for adsorption capacity. Desorption analyses for total measured gas content (average in-situ basis) ranged from 2.32 to 2.89 m³/t (standard deviation (sd) = 0.18) and gas adsorptive capacity at 4 MPa (average in-situ basis) from 2.11 to 3.51 m³/t (sd = 0.38) resulting in saturations ranging from 66% to 120% (sd = 15).Determination of how many samples are required to make a realistic assessment of average reservoir properties requires a consideration of: (i) the level of accuracy desired, (ii) the limit of accuracy possible, which is governed by the magnitude of experimental error, and (iii) the innate variability of the seam. It was found that a minimum of five samples each for adsorption and desorption were required in order to significantly decrease the uncertainty in gas saturation estimates for a subbituminous coal.