新型城镇化背景下中国地级以上城市综合承载力空间格局研究

在分析城市综合承载力内涵基础上,通过建立评价指标体系,运用函数模型计算2015 年中国地级以上城市综合承载力水平,利用探索性空间数据分析方法探讨了地级以上城市综合承载力的空间分布特征。结果表明：中国地级以上城市综合承载力存在较大差距,整体呈现从东部沿海向西部内陆递减的空间分布趋势;地级以上城市综合承载力呈现明显正向全局空间自相关关系,从局域空间自相关和冷热点结果来看,呈现出自东向西由热点逐步过渡为冷点的空间格局,H-H型城市主要分布在热点区,H-L型城市以西部地区直辖市和省会城市居多,L-H型城市数量只有河源市,L-L型城市集中分布在冷点区。研究结果可为解决当前城镇化问题、推进新型城镇化进程提供指导和借鉴。     

川西洛莫地区燕山早期花岗岩对稀有金属成矿的制约

川西是我国重要的稀有金属产地之一,主要由甲基卡、可尔因、扎乌龙、九龙矿集区组成。甲基卡、可尔因矿集区已发现李家沟、党坝、甲基卡等超大型—大型锂铍矿床,而九龙地区仅发现打枪沟中型锂铍矿床。本文通过对九龙洛莫地区花岗岩开展岩石学、地球化学、锆石及独居石U-Pb年代学研究,以确定桥棚子及其周缘花岗岩的成因、构造背景和伟晶岩的时空联系,为九龙河流域及其周缘的稀有金属找矿勘探工作提供依据。结果显示,桥棚子及其周缘花岗岩具高的SiO₂(69.98%～76.80%)、Al₂O₃(13.72%～15.29%)、K₂O+Na₂O(6.71%～7.24%),为过铝质、钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列,具低REE、Sr、δEu(0.35～1.02)和HFSE含量,高LREE/HREE、Yb和LILE含量及高分异指数(79.67～91.73),且花岗岩具有较高的Ga/Al比值(10000×Ga/Al=2.45～3.11)。锆石和独居石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄显示,桥棚子岩体成岩年龄为(168.2±0.9...     

榆林市农业景观格局变化研究

根据1986年和2000年两期TM影像资料和其他辅助资料, 运用人机交互解译方法以及地理信息系统的空间分析和数理统计功能, 分析了榆林市农业景观格局变化, 包括土地利用数量变化、变化速度和区域差异等特征, 以及各景观类型之间的转化情况, 并对景观格局变化进行了定量分析。结果表明: 14a间, 榆林市未利用地减少1305.56km², 其中主要是沙地减少; 耕地、林地、草地分别增加567.11km²、99.6km²和616.79km²; 未利用地和建设用地的变化率最大, 分别为-22.11%和18.18%; 土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异; 各类型间的转化突出表现为未利用地向草地转化, 草地向林地和耕地转化。榆林市近十几年景观类型发生了明显转换, 土地整治取得显著成绩。     

Occurrence of PSP-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii in Bingo-Nada, the central coastal water of the Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

During surveillance of the distribution of the paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)-producing dinoflagellate in 2003, 2004 and 2005 along the coastlines of the Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, some species of toxic phytoplankton were isolated from the eastern coasts, Bingo-Nada, the central regions of the Seto Inland Sea. It was rather unexpectedly revealed from the basis of the morphological characteristics that they were unambiguously identified as Alexandrium tamiyavanichii and Alexandrium catenella. Two strains (ATY041106, ATY051018) of A. tamiyavanichii showed a specific toxicity of 38.7 x 10(-6) and 111.5 x 10(-6)MU/cell, respectively. These values seemed to be several times or much higher than that of A. catenella (AC030816, AC040614), having a specific toxicity of 4.5 x 10(-6) and 4.1 x 10(-6)MU/cell, respectively, isolated in the same area. From the results of HPLC-furuorometric analysis, it revealed that the toxins in ATY041106 exist almost exclusively as beta-epimers (C2, GTX3, GTX4), which accounted for 72.7 mol%. The toxin profiles of this strain are featured by the presence of a large amount of GTX3 (59.1 mol%) and a small amount (20.6%) of C1 and 2 in comparison with the PSP compositions of A. tamarense, which is isolated as the main responsible species in Hiroshima Bay, a western part of coastal sea in Hiroshima Prefecture. On the other hand, it revealed that the toxin profiles of two strains (AC030816, AC040614) of A. catenella exist almost exclusively as beta-epimers (C2, GTX3, GTX4), which accounted for 81.8 and 56.5 mol%, as the same manner. The toxin profiles of these two strains are featured by the presence of a large amount of C2 (80.5 and 46.3 mol%) in comparison with the PSP compositions of A. tamiyavanichii. To our knowledge, this is the first record to show the distribution and harmful influence of A. tamiyavanichii and A. catenella in Bingo-Nada in Hiroshima Prefecture. Though contamination of bivalves with these PSP-producing planktons in this area has not occurred yet so far, attention should be paid to this species as well as the other causative dinoflagellate from the stand point of public health and food hygiene.     

甘孜附近的小震活动与中强地震的对应关系研究

结合甘孜地区的地震构造,对甘孜县境内及县城附近55 km范围内发生的ML≥3.0级以上地震与周围地区的中强地震活动分析,发现甘孜附近3.0级以上地震与附近地区的中强地震的发生具有一定对应关系,提出了2个预测指标,预测时间为半年的通过了置信水平为97.5%的R值检验,分析认为甘孜地区的地震活动是鲜水河地震带强震活动及附近中强地震活动的指示窗口。     

中国地级以上城市城市化质量特征及空间差异

根据城市化质量的内涵,从经济发展、基础设施、就业、居民生活、社会发展、生态环境、用地质量、创新质量和城乡协调等10个方面,构建了城市化质量的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法,对除拉萨外的286个地级以上城市的城市化质量进行了分析。结果发现城市之间城市化质量差距明显,城市化质量总体不高;城市化质量和城市规模没有对应关系,城市不是越大越好;人口城市化水平不能反映城市化质量,人口城市化不是城市化的最终目标;城市化质量较高的城市仍存在许多不足,需要进一步完善;城市化质量空间差异明显,呈现从东部沿海到中、西部依次降低的特点;城市化质量较高的城市呈"群"状分布,与城市群有较好的拟合。     

中国东北沿边少数民族地区发展的障碍因素分析——以延边朝鲜族自治州为例

改革开放以来,尤其是实施西部大开发、东北等老工业基地振兴等战略实施以来,我国东北沿边少数民族地区的社会经济发展并不尽如人意。以延边朝鲜族自治州为例,其经济发展一直处于低位运行,与该地区的自然禀赋和所享受的西部大开发、东北等老工业基地振兴等优惠政策极不协调。从边缘的区位条件、特殊的地缘环境影响、地理环境对资本投资的障碍、产业结构的刚性制约、有限的经济腹地、劳动力日益减少与生态功能的限制等七个方面探讨其区域社会经济发展的障碍因素,并尝试透过延边朝鲜族自治州这一个案,探讨我国东北沿边少数民族地区社会经济发展的突破口。     

Systematic deflection and offset of the Yangtze River drainage system along the strike-slip Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault Zone,Tibetan Plateau

The Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault Zone (GYXFZ) is a typical active strike-slip fault that has triggered many large historic earthquakes, including the 2010 M_w 6.9 Yushu earthquake in the central Tibetan Plateau. This fault zone extends for ca. 800 km from the central Tibetan Plateau to its southeastern margin and varies in trend from WNW-ESE in the northwestern segment of the fault zone to NNW-SSE in the southeastern segment, having the geometry of an arc projecting northeastwards. In this study, we present evidence for the systematical sinistral deflection and/or offset of the Yangtze River and its branch stream channels and valleys along the GYXFZ. Topographic analysis of three-dimensional (3D) perspective images constructed using digital elevation model (DEM) data, 0.5 m-resolution WorldView and GeoEye images, and 15 m-resolution Landsat-Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images, together with analysis of geological structures, reveals the following: (i) the main river channels and valleys of the Yangtze River drainage system show systematic sinistral deflections and/or offsets along the GYXFZ; (ii) various amounts of sinistral offset have accumulated on the tributary stream channels, valleys, and gullies of the Yangtze River along the fault, with a linear relation, D = aL, between the upstream length L from the deflected point and the offset amount D with a certain coefficient a; (iii) the maximum amount of sinistral offset is up to ca. 60 km, which was accumulated in the past 13–5 Ma; and (iv) the long-term average strike-slip rate is ca. 4.6–12 mm/year. Geological and geomorphic evidence, combined with geophysical data, demonstrates that the GYXFZ is currently active as one of the major seismogenic faults in the Tibetan Plateau, dominated by left-lateral strike-slip motion. Our findings supply important evidence for the tectonic evolution of strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau since the Eurasia-India continental collision.     

松潘－甘孜南部玛孜措石英闪长岩的地球 化学特征、同位素年龄及其构造意义

玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。     

锆石微量元素示踪锂成矿岩浆-热液演化过程

锂成矿过程中的岩浆- 热液演化过程目前仍不清楚。锆石作为花岗岩和伟晶岩中普遍存在的副矿物,其微量元素成分演化可以记录岩浆演化过程。本文以松潘- 甘孜构造带可尔因地区的花岗岩和伟晶岩中的锆石作为研究对象,对其进行原位微量元素分析。锆石的形态结构特征显示花岗闪长岩与花岗岩中的锆石为岩浆锆石,而伟晶岩中的锆石受到不同程度热液作用影响。元素分析结果显示,从太阳河花岗闪长岩到可尔因二云母花岗岩到无锂辉石伟晶岩到锂辉石伟晶岩,锆石中的稀有金属元素(Li、Sn、Nb、Ta和Hf)和U含量逐渐升高,锆石的Zr/Hf比值逐渐降低。除此之外,太阳河花岗闪长岩和可尔因二云母花岗岩中的锆石具有较低的Fe含量,而无锂辉石伟晶岩和锂辉石伟晶岩中的锆石具有明显升高的Fe含量,且锆石Fe含量与稀有金属元素含量具有正相关关系,反映出热液作用越强,稀有金属含量越高的特征。热液导致伟晶岩中锆石的U- Pb体系受到改造,使得获得的年龄不可靠,而伟晶岩铌钽矿U- Pb年龄(210 Ma)相对可靠。基于锆石的微量元素特征,我们认为太阳河花岗闪长岩与锂成矿伟晶岩没有成因联系,二云母花岗岩与锂成矿伟晶岩具有成因联系,但是二云母花岗岩不是成矿伟晶岩的直接母岩。二云母花岗岩和无锂辉石伟晶岩Li锆石/Li全岩接近甚至超过1,指示其与全岩成分不平衡,表明岩浆演化过程中曾形成富锂熔体,且富锂熔体的形成与液态不混溶作用无关,而是岩浆分异的结果。富锂熔体可能在区域拆离断层作用下从岩浆体系中分离,随后不断演化形成了锂辉石伟晶岩,而残余岩浆逐渐冷却结晶形成了二云母花岗岩和无锂辉石伟晶岩。基于锆石中的微量元素可以有效示踪锂成矿过程,并且利用碎屑锆石的微量元素特征还可以指示区域富锂岩浆的存在及其形成时代,有望成为示踪区域锂成矿的一种新方法。