西藏那曲地区畜牧业生态系统功能评价

畜牧业生态系统功能评价是进行草地系统保护与管理、防治草地退化的前提，是畜牧业系统优化和持续发展的根本。为此，以西藏自治区那曲地区草地为研究对象，通过设立评价指标，建立多因子评价模式，采用三角分析法对区域内畜牧业生态系统的社会、经济、生态功能进行综合评价。为区域畜牧业未来发展提供依据。     

中国市县空间隶属关系的历史启示与改革优化

市管县体制确立以来,地级市成为了中国统县政区的主体。虽然统县政区与辖县的行政隶属关系明确,但现今存在的市县同城而治现象与少数民族自治州城市的管理模式,使一些市县的空间隶属关系不甚明晰,这很大程度上源于中国历史上长期存在的附郭县制度。中国传统的行政区划体系中,统县政区与辖县的空间隶属关系一直比较模糊,二者主要依靠附郭县建立起长效的空间联系。清末以后,附郭县被大量裁撤,随着城市型政区和市辖区兴起,传统的由附郭县管理城市的“城乡合治”模式走向“城乡分治”。20世纪,统县政区与辖县的空间隶属关系逐渐完成了历史演替,走向界线化、明确化的方向。新时期的行政区划改革,尤其是市县空间隶属关系的优化,应充分考量中国发展实际,重视中国政区发展的历史积淀过程。     

榆林地区景观变化探测模型

Landscape is a dynamic phenomenon that almost continuously changes. The overall change of a landscape is the result of complex and interacting natural and spontaneous processes and planned actions by man. However, numerous activities by a large number of individuals are not concerted and contribute to the autonomous evolution of the landscape in a similar way as natural processes do. There is a well-established need to detect land use and ecological change so that appropriate policies for the ;egional sustainable development can be developed. Landscape change detection is considered to be effectively repeated surveillance and needs especially strict protocols to identify landscape change. This paper developed a series of technical frameworks on landscape detection based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Data. Through human-machine interactive interpretation, the interpretation precision was 92.00% in 1986 and 89.73% in 2000. Based on the interpretation results of TM images and taking Yulin prefecture as a case study area, the area of main landscape types was summarized respectively in 1986 and 2000. The landscape pattern changes in Yulin could be divided into ten types.     

1990-2008年中国区域经济格局时空演变

对中国区域经济格局的研究较多,但以小尺度单元、时间连续、同时关注经济水平和经济增速的研究较少。本文以地级行政单位为研究单元,运用基尼系数、泰尔指数、沃尔夫森指数、集中指数、空间自相关方法和比重法分析了1990年以来中国经济总体空间差异与极化程度、经济水平和增速的全局空间自相关和＂热点区＂、各地经济地位的变化,并总结了主要驱动因素和演变模式。研究表明：①全国总体空间差异与极化在波动中明显增大,2003年以后继续增大。②沿海主要城市群、省会城市、特殊资源城市是＂经济热点＂,与其他地区之间的差距逐步增大。③经济水平和经济增长的空间集聚特征明显,与全国总体经济增速具有耦合关系。④经济区位、区域政策、特殊自然资源、发展基础是中国区域经济格局形成与演变的主要驱动因素。     

Garnet amphibolites from the Ganzi–Litang fault zone,eastern Tibetan Plateau: mineralogy,geochemistry, and implications for evolution of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys Realm

The Ganzi–Litang fault zone, an outstanding tectonic element in the eastern Tibetan Plateau has been intensively debated as an in-situ suture zone marking relict of a subducted Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic crust or a failed intracontinental rift. This paper reports the garnet amphibolites discovered along the Ganzi–Litang fault zone, eastern Tibetan Plateau. These garnet amphibolites are characterized by the garnet–hornblende–rutile–sphene–plagioclase–quartz assemblage. Conventional geothermobarometry figures out the metamorphic temperature and pressure conditions at 582–626°C and 1.61–1.82 GPa, respectively. Geochemical analysis (no Nb–Ta deletions and left-inclined to flat patterns of rare-earth elements) indicates that the garnet amphibolites could represent metamorphic product of the mid-ocean-ridge (MORB)-type mafic rocks that were contaminated by a mantle plume. The protolith of the garnet amphibolites was dated at 236 Ma using in-situ U–Pb zircon method, and the retrograde metamorphism was dated at 218 Ma using in-situ U–Pb sphene method. A comprehensive analysis combined with the development of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and the Yidun arc through geologic time indicates a Triassic to Early Jurassic age (236–195 Ma) for the metamorphism of the garnet amphibolites. The low geothermal gradient of 9.8ºC/km and the N-MORB nature of the garnet amphibolites suggest a subduction-zone environment for the high-pressure metamorphism. Therefore, the Ganzi–Litang fault zone is a Palaeo-Tethyan suture separating the Yidun arc and the Songpan–Ganzi terrane, representing the relics of a branch of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean that was contaminated by a mantle plume.     

甘孜—理塘结合带通宵—理塘沿线蛇绿岩研究

蛇绿岩以岩块形式镶嵌于甘孜—理塘结合带内,经拼合可见一个较为完整的蛇绿岩套。形成于洋中脊环境,火山岩显示张裂速率大于3cm.a-1,形成时代为晚三叠世。     

地级以上城市土地利用结构特征及影响因素差异分析

根据2007年地级以上城市的土地和社会经济数据,采用比较法、模型法和主成分法,分析其土地利用结构特征及影响因素。结果发现:①不同规模城市的居住用地、公共设施用地、工业用地、道路广场用地和绿地的比例差距明显,而仓储用地、对外交通用地、市政公用设施用地和特殊用地的比例差异较小;②随城市规模增大,居住用地、公共设施用地、工业用地比、道路广场用地的比例符合《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GBJ137-90)(以下简称《标准》)、《城市公共设施规划规范》(GB50442-2008)(以下简称《规范》)的程度呈上升趋势;③居住用地比例超出《标准》上限城市较多,且城市规模越小,超标比例越高;④中等规模以上城市的公共设施用地比例偏低,而中小城市公共设施用地比例偏高;⑤特大城市中工业用地比例超标城市数量较多,而中小城市低于《标准》下限的较多;⑥随城市规模增大,道路广场用地比例低于《标准》下限的城市所占比例降低;⑦地级以上城市中至少有1/3城市绿地比例不及《标准》下限;⑧城市规模越大,土地利用的多样化程度越高,土地利用类型越齐全,且土地利用结构多样性指数高的城市呈集聚状,呈现"群"状特点,土地利用结构均衡度递增,但优势度趋减;⑨经济因素、产业结构、交通设施水平和城市人口是影响土地利用结构的主要因素,但对不同规模城市的影响次序不同。     

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rocky Desertification in Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province

Rocky desertification is a serious threat to socioeconomic development and the ecological security of karst areas. The control of rocky desertification has therefore become a major concern of both the Chinese government and local populations living in karst areas. In this paper, we used the national evaluation system for monitoring rocky desertification, and adjusted relevant indices. For example, we improved the system’s base rock exposure index with Normalized Difference Rock index (NDRI), substituted a soil erosion index for soil depth, and from these obtained the categories and spatial distribution of rocky desertification. We also studied the main factors and functional mechanisms of rocky desertification with consideration given to natural geographic conditions such as soil, physiognomy, elevation, slope and river network density, and, also human interference factors such as population density, GDP, population distribution, and from these got spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rocky desertification in Qiandongnan prefecture. Results indicate that the primary soil types of rocky desertification in the research areas include yellow, limestone and paddy soils. These rocky desertification areas are more likely to contain limestone soil than purple soil, and least likely to contain paddy soil. The distribution of moderate or severe rocky desertification in areas with moderate to steep slope is 40%, where sloping agricultural land comprises a large proportion of the total. Rocky desertification is widely distributed in regions with precipitation between 1000-1200 mm, and this precipitation is the main factor causing greater soil erosion in limestone soil base and sloping agricultural areas. Moreover, desertification is closely related to the distribution of residential areas, population density, poverty and sloping agricultural land     

青海玉树7.1级地震构造背景

本文简要论述了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震所处大地构造背景、区域地震活动性和区域地震构造特征,最后对玉树地震发震构造——甘孜—玉树断裂的展布、分段性和活动性进行概述。     

川西甘孜黄土磁性地层学研究及其古气候意义*

文章对川西甘孜地区甘孜寺剖面进行了系统的磁性地层学研究及石英颗粒表面形态特征分析。磁性地层学研究结果显示,B/M界线出现在S₈的顶部,并且在剖面下部12.7~14.0m处出现了松山负向期的贾拉米洛正向极性亚带。本次测试以及结合以前的研究结果表明,甘孜地区典型的风尘堆积形成于约1.15MaB.P.以前。石英颗粒表面形态特征的分析结果说明风尘物质可能经历了风、流水、冰川等多种外动力作用,进一步证明该区的风尘物质主要来源于青藏高原及其周缘地区的冰水沉积。另外,研究结果指示青藏高原及其周缘地区的环境状况大约在1.15MaB.P.发生了很大变化,主要表现为干旱化程度以及高原冬季风的明显增强,而这些变化又与青藏高原在该时期的快速隆升密切相关。磁性地层的研究结果将为在该区进一步开展古环境演化过程的对比分析及阶地地貌发育历史的研究奠定基础。