川西甘孜地区活动断裂与地质灾害分布相关性探讨

活动断裂带的地质灾害效应是工程地质与地质灾害领域研究的重要内容.川西甘孜地区位于青藏高原东南缘,区内新构造运动强烈,地质灾害频繁发生,对人类生命财产安全造成威胁,对社会生活和经济建设起到了破坏作用.文章从活动断裂与地质灾害点空间分布之间关系进行分析研究,总结出两者在空间分布的规律.认为活动断裂是川西甘孜地区地质灾害孕育...     

甘孜- 理塘洋可能存在北向俯冲：来自松潘- 甘孜道孚- 炉霍岩浆岩的证据

松潘- 甘孜造山带巨厚的三叠系复理石沉积盖层给探讨其基底性质、俯冲- 碰撞过程和深部岩浆作用增添了难度，使得带内广泛出露的花岗质岩体和少量镁铁质岩体成为解开松潘- 甘孜造山带构造演化谜团的重要研究对象。锆石U- Pb定年结果表明道孚花岗闪长岩形成于223. 5~217. 4 Ma，炉霍二长岩结晶年龄为219. 4 Ma，辉长岩为218. 9 Ma，均属于晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。化学成分研究结果表明，花岗质岩石都表现出I型花岗岩特征，其中炉霍二长岩具有较高的Ba、Sr含量，相对较高且均一的εHf(t)值（-3. 69~-1. 65），表明其可能来源于富集玄武质新生下地壳的熔融。道孚花岗闪长岩具有分散的εHf(t)值（-13. 51~0. 41），野外和地球化学特征指示其形成于幔源熔体与古老壳源熔体的混合。辉长岩在微量元素蜘蛛图上具有类似的模式，不同程度富集Ba、Sr、Pb、Th和U元素，出现Nb、Ta、Ti元素亏损，具有岛弧玄武岩的特征，来源于流/熔体交代的地幔楔部分熔融。综合区域已有资料，我们对甘孜- 理塘洋的演化历史提出新的认识，认为甘孜- 理塘洋不仅仅存在向南俯冲的可能性，同时也具有北向俯冲的历史，晚三叠世道孚- 炉霍岩浆岩的形成受控于甘孜- 理塘洋向北边松潘- 甘孜地块俯冲的背景之下。     

川西高原甘孜黄土的成因

本文通过对甘孜满地黄土的粒度组分、石英砂的表面结构以及其它地质现象的综合研究,对甘孜黄土的成因进行了探讨。在黄土的概率累计曲线上,跃进组分和悬移组分反映明显,并以悬移组分为主。悬移组分粒径小于2φ~3φ,并以粉砂(4φ~8φ)为主,占悬移总体的94%~99%;对甘孜黄土进行扫描电镜观察表明,石英砂大部分为块状颗粒,少量(10%)呈纺锤形。采用矩阵法计算甘孜黄土的粒度参数:黄土的平均粒径(d₅₀)为5.057φ~5.883φ,明显大于古土壤(6.120φ~6.549φ).古土壤的标准偏差(σφ)为1.513~1.973,大于黄土(1.205~1.778);黄土和古土壤的偏度系数(SKφ)为-0.088~0.248,显示为正偏或近于对称。黄土和古土壤的尖度系数(Kφ)分别为0.123~1.702、0.023~0.059,前者峰形窄,后者峰形较宽。对甘孜黄土扫描电镜观察表明,石英砂大部分为方形或长方形颗粒,少量(10%)呈纺锤形。石英砂有密集的翻卷片、蛇曲脊、圆麻坑,这些结构反映了风成特征。另方面,少量石英砂显示冰川作用结构,例如大大小小的贝壳状断口、平行擦痕等。在甘孜西面、德格以南的金沙江东岸川藏公路980km路碑处,三阶地上部的黄土层中,发现3条冰楔。此外,甘孜黄土中孢粉稀少。根据上述特征推断,甘孜黄土应为冰缘风成黄土。      

甘孜州“7．23”特大泥石流灾害气象成因分析及防御对策研究

本文以甘孜州2009年“7．23”特大泥石流灾害为例,应用常规气象资料对灾害的气象成因及其灾害的诱发因素进行了分析。表明：短时强降水是引发这次特大泥石流灾害的直接原因。其地貌、地表及土壤结构状况本身以及大量地兴修水利,挖掘沙土,破坏生态平衡成为这次特大泥石流灾害发生的诱发因素。根据地质气象灾害的成因分析对防灾减灾提出具体的防御对策。     

基于克里格回归分析和机器学习算法的日本福岛县土地价格估算与制图的比较分析

Finding accurate methods for estimating and mapping land prices at the macro-scale based on publicly accessible and low-cost spatial data is an essential step in producing a meaningful reference for regional planners.This asset would assist them in making economically justified decisions in favor of key investors for development projects and post-disaster recovery efforts.Since 2005,the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,and Transport of Japan has made land price data open to the public in the form of observations at dispersed locations.Although this data is useful,it does not provide complete information at every site for all market participants.Therefore,estimating and mapping land prices based on sound statistical theories is required.This paper presents a comparative study of spatial prediction of land prices in 2015 in Fukushima prefecture based on geostatistical methods and machine learning algorithms.Land use,elevation,and socioeconomic factors,including population density and distance to railway stations,were used for modeling.Results show the superiority of the random forest algorithm.Overall,land prices are distributed unevenly across the prefecture with the most expensive land located in the western region characterized by flat topography and the availability of well-connected and highly dense economic hotspots.     

浙江丽水地区旅游资源区划与开发

论述了浙江丽水地区旅游资源的特点和区域分布特征,提出根据资源特点、抓住地方特色进行旅游开发．     

日本兵库县南部地震调查与中国唐山大地震的比较

叙述了１９９５年１月日本兵库县南部地震的强地面运动特征，并与１９７６年中国唐山地震的地面运动特征进行了对比，讨论了日本地震后次生灾害——火灾的残酷性，并分析了该次地震的前兆现象     

地—县计算机网络系统建设的一些技术问题

本文对地—县计算机网络系统的结构及功能、地级业务系统局域网的软硬件环境、地—县微机终端系统的通信方式及软硬件环境等问题进行了介绍和探讨，并提出一些建议     

A method for assessing regional debris flow risk: an application in Zhaotong of Yunnan province (SW China)

Based on the definitions of the United Nations, the assessment of risk involves the evaluation of both hazard and vulnerability. This forms the basis of a generalized assessment model of debris flow risk. Hazard is a measure of the threatening degree of an extreme event and is expressed theoretically as a function of event magnitude and frequency of occurrence. Mathematically, it is the definite integral area under the magnitude–frequency curve. Based on the need for a model applicable in regions that lack data, a new method that incorporates theoretical concepts with empirical analysis is presented to calculate the regional hazardousness of debris flows. Debris flow hazard can be estimated from gully density, mean annual rainfall and percentage of cultivated land on steep slope. Vulnerability is defined as the potential total maximum losses due to a potential damaging phenomenon for a specified area and during a reference period. On a regional scale, it is dependent on the fixed assets, gross domestic product, land resources and population density, as well as age, education and wealth of the inhabitants. A nonlinear, power-function model to compute the vulnerability degree is presented. An application of the proposed method to Zhaotong prefecture of Yunnan province, SW China, provides high accuracy and reasonable risk estimates. The highest risk of debris flow is in Zhaotong county with a value of 0.48; the lowest risk of debris flow is in Yanjin county with a value of 0.16. The other counties have debris flow risks ranging from 0.22 to 0.46. This provides an approach for assessing the regional debris flow risk and a basis for the formulation of a regional risk management policy in Zhaotong prefecture.     

Iron speciation of sliding mud in Toyama Prefecture, Japan

It has been often observed that black mud recently formed and accumulated in slip planes that are closely associated with a progressing landslide in Japan. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the composition of Fe species in the sliding mud is different from those in the debris rock and bedrock. The sliding mud contains more ferrous iron species, which indicates a relatively stronger reducing condition within the sliding zone than within the host rocks. In addition, the composition of Fe species, the total Fe and the volume of sliding mud also change with landslide development. Therefore, detailed Fe speciation in landslide profiles can be a useful approach to understanding the progress of a landslide and may also predict future sliding as well.