成都市地震烈度速报系统发展方向——地震预警的思考

简要介绍成都市地震烈度速报台网;重点阐述了利用该台网建设地震预警系统的初步设想;分析了该系统的潜在效益。     

Convergence or divergence?: Status and prospects for US climate strategy

The objective of this paper is to assess recent developments and prospects for future changes in United States (US) climate strategy. In doing so, the paper explores some of the key factors that have shaped strategies and policies to date, distinguishing between factors related to institutional and governance structures, linkages between science and policy, energy technology and the role of interest groups. Against this background, the paper attempts to explore future development paths for US climate policy. More specifically, the paper assesses opportunities for policy changes compared to the preferences of the current administration, and the prospects for future linkages between US and international climate change strategies. In brief, the paper argues that substantial changes are unlikely to take place in the near to medium term, leaving open, however, the possibility of wide-ranging changes in domestic politics or major incidents that could facilitate a shift in the perceived need for near-term action.     

国家温室气体清单时间序列一致性和2005年清单重算研究

《巴黎协定》透明度后续实施细则对发展中国家温室气体清单时间序列一致性方面的要求显著增强。文中基于IPCC清单指南中对温室气体清单重算的要求,对作为我国国家自主贡献基年的2005年温室气体清单进行重算。由于增加了新的排放源或吸收汇、更新部分活动水平或排放因子数据以及采用了更新的方法学,重算后的2005年国家温室气体清单排放量（以CO₂当量计,下同）为80.15亿t（不包括土地利用、土地利用变化和林业,即LULUCF),相比重算前增加了6.6%。能源领域对重算后总排放量上升影响最大,增加了4.26亿t,其中CO₂增长主要来自第三次全国经济普查（三经普）对2005年化石燃料消费量的修订,甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放上升主要原因是新增加了排放源。未来我国将更频繁地对以往清单年份开展重算,建议结合《巴黎协定》实施细则要求加强对我国温室气体清单时间序列一致性问题的研究,以更好地支撑国内应对气候变化决策分析,以及满足未来《巴黎协定》下的履约要求。     

Using information layers for mapping grassland habitat distribution at local to regional scales

The Natura 2000 network of protected sites is one of the means to enable biodiversity conservation in Europe. EU member states have to undertake surveillance of habitats and species of community interest protected under the Habitat Directive. Remote sensing techniques have been applied successfully to monitor biodiversity aspects according to Natura 2000, but many challenges remain in assessing dynamics and habitat changes outside protected sites. Grasslands are among the most threatened habitats in Europe. In this paper we tested the integration of expert knowledge into different standard classification approaches to map grassland habitats in Schleswig Holstein, Germany. Knowledge about habitat features is represented as raster information layers, and used in subsequent grassland classifications. Overall classification accuracies were highest for the maximum likelihood and support vector machine approaches using RapidEye time series, but results improved for specific grassland classes when information layers were included in the classification process.     

养殖珍珠的分级与报价体系

针对我国制定的珍珠分级国家标准,仅对影响珍珠品质各因素做了等级划分,并未给出首饰级珍珠的总品质等级的确定方法和标准,造成分级标准与国际上报价体系不接轨,使其在市场上无法广泛应用等问题,系统总结国际流行的各大珍珠分级标准和报价体系,通过对比分析我国国标存在的问题,提出我国养殖珍珠分级和报价的改进方法。即借鉴美国GIA或RichardH．Cartier的珍珠总品质分级方法,在原国家分级标准上根据各品质因素对总品质影响权重计算珍珠总品质等级（1～10级）;并推行对应珍珠总质量等级的报价体系,呼吁国家权威机构定期发布珍珠价格信息,以规范珍珠市场,为珍珠评估提供依据。     

Russia's 2020 GHG emissions target: Emission trends and implementation

This article provides an overview of the recent modelling results on Russia's GHG emission trends, and reviews the success of mitigation policies in order to establish whether Russia's domestic target seems feasible. Various Russian GHG emission scenarios indicate that Russia's domestic target – emissions 25% below the 1990 level by 2020 – is not far from the business-as-usual emissions trajectory. In particular, two factors could deliver the required emissions reductions: the currently declining gross domestic product (GDP) growth and ongoing domestic mitigation policies. The former is more likely to secure the target level of emissions, because GDP growth has been contracting significantly in comparison to earlier forecasts of 3–5% annual growth, and this trend is expected to continue. The latter option – success with domestic mitigation measures – seems less likely, given the various meta-barriers to policy implementation, and the marginality of mitigation policies, problems with law-making processes, bureaucratic tradition, and informality of legislative and implementation systems.

Policy relevance

This article provides an assessment of the stringency of Russia's domestically set emissions limitation target by 2020 and the chances of Russia, the fourth largest GHG emitter in the world, achieving it. We base our assessment on a number of recent key sources that analyse Russia's GHG emission paths by applying socio-economic models, which have only been available in the Russian language prior to this publication. This knowledge is applicable for use by other negotiation parties to compare Russia's efforts to mitigate climate change to their own, and thus makes a contribution to facilitating a more equal burden-sharing of climate commitments under the future climate change agreement.     

国际主要温室气体排放数据集比较分析研究

温室气体排放数据集是国际上开展温室气体排放评价与减排责任谈判的数据基础。对国际上温室气体排放的数据集进行了细致的调研和分析,收集并较为全面深入地比较分析了美国能源信息管理局（EIA）数据集、世界资源研究所（WRI）数据集、美国橡树岭国家实验室CO2信息分析中心（CDIAC）数据集、联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）数据集和OECD国际能源署（IEA）数据集等5个全球尺度的国际主要温室气体数据集的主要信息。概括了这5个国际主要温室气体数据集的开发机构概况、分析了数据集的详细特征、定量比较了这些数据集的可用性与差异。     

建立地震预警、地震报警和烈度速报综合系统的思考

如何减少地震灾害所引起的人员伤亡、次生灾害以及快速判断灾情以落实全面的防御观,是我国自汶川地震以来非常关注的问题.在建设我国地震烈度速报和预警系统的背景下,我们提出尽可能减少投资以改变传统模式、建设不需要专门观测房的监测系统,提高烈度速报和预警系统的监测点密度,实现地震预警、报警和烈度速报综合系统,为全社会提供更好的防...     

数字地形图检查元素的确定及相关因素分析——基于CASS Check检查软件

就CASS Check检查软件检查元素的确定及检查中出现的一些问题进行分析,并提出解决办法。