Morphodynamics of ebb-tidal deltas: a model approach

The results of 2DH numerical models of the Frisian Inlet (located in the Dutch Wadden Sea) are discussed to gain further knowledge about the physical mechanisms causing the presence of both ebb-tidal deltas and of channels and shoals in tide-dominated inlet systems. A hydrodynamic model, extended with sediment transport formulations, was used to verify earlier conceptual models that deal with ebb-tidal delta characteristics. The model does not confirm their hypothesis concerning the observed spatial asymmetry of ebb-tidal deltas and suggests that long-term morphological simulations are needed to understand this aspect. Furthermore, the model indicates that the initial formation of the ebb-tidal delta is mainly due to convergence of the tidally averaged sediment flux related to residual currents, whilst the net sediment transport in the basin is mainly caused by tidal asymmetry. A second model (accounting for feedbacks between tidal motion and the erodible bottom) was used to simulate the long-term bathymetric evolution of the Frisian Inlet under fair weather conditions. This model reproduces the gross characteristics of the observed morphology: the presence of a double-inlet system with two distinct ebb-tidal deltas having different sizes and the presence of channels and shoals. The role of the ‘Engelsmanplaat’, a consolidated shoal in the middle of the Frisian Inlet, was not found to be crucial for the morphodynamic stability of this inlet system.     

泥质潮坪磁组构特征及其意义研究

在１９８８年－１９９３年期间，对河北歧口及上海南汇海岸带泥质潮坪现行滩面积浦西曹杨新村近代亚潮坪沉积剖面进行了沉积动力环境与沉积动力环境与沉积磁组构特征测量分析。现行开敞海岸同物源潮坪沉积磁且构参量量值特征显示出，其Ｋ值高滩为高值，低潮滩次之，中潮滩为低。亚近开敞海岸泥质潮坪沉积剖面磁组构测量结果；Ｋ值是区分潮坪沉积动力活动带的高分辨率标志；Ｐ、Ｌ、Ｆ、ｑ是分析潮坪沉积结构的分辨率标志；ｑ是分析潮     

胶州湾沉积环境与潮汐汊道演化特征

研究了胶州湾沉积物输运格局，沉积速率和潮汐汊道演化特征，结果表明，胶州湾口门水道内的悬沙净输运是从湾内指向湾外，湾内水体悬沙浓度终年较低，胶州湾的泥沙来源较少，沉积速率较低。历史上的围垦活动虽造成了纳潮量的减少，但口门过水断面面积并未减小。胶州湾是一个地貌演化缓慢，口站过水断面面积小于均衡状态面积的汊道系统。今后，可应用沉积动力学等方法确定维持港口和航道资源所需的纳潮量，结合纳潮海湾的环境保护和生态建设，定量地确定胶州湾的围垦潜力。     

大气降水中化学组分及其制约因素(Ⅱ)

4 讨论 4.1 相关处理 使用这种处理方法(图2)可以帮助我们对青岛等5个地区降水的化学组成受海洋和陆地     

南沙群岛海域磁性地层学初步研究

根据南沙群岛海域NS89-76,NS90-103和NS84-38柱样的古地磁研究结果,三柱样终孔深度内均属布容正极性期沉积,较完整地记录了布容期约20万年以来5个短期极性事件。结合地层、古生物资料,~(230)Th及~(14)C年代测定,推断这些极性事件可分别与哥德堡、蒙哥、拉尚、布莱克、琵琶湖C事件对比。依极性事件的年代界限推算3个柱样的底界年龄分别为15ka,202ka,191ka。并对海域大陆架、大陆坡及海盆等地貌单元晚更新世以来的沉积作用进行了初步探讨。     

Analysis on Suspended Sediment Deposition Rate for Muddy Coast of Reclaimed Land

A new expression for calculating suspended fine-sediment deposition rate is developed based on theoretic analysis and experiments. The resulting equation is applied to simulation of fine sediment deposition in the reclaimed land in the Hangzhou Bay, China. The hydrodynamic environment in this area is solved by use of a long wave model, which gives the 2D-velocity field and considers bathymetric changes due to fine sediment deposition. The expression is proved convenient to use in engineering practice, and the predicted deposition rate agrees with the annual data available from field measurements from the first year to the third year after the construction of the long groin as a reclaiming method.     

伶仃洋大铲湾潮滩冲淤遥感反演研究

由于潮滩范围广、变化频繁、缺乏常规的地形测量资料,给潮滩开发建设带来极大不便.以伶仃洋大铲湾为研究区,使用美国陆地卫星MSS,TM及ETM三类数据源,共计17个时相,时间跨度为1978～2001年,在国内首次利用多时相卫星遥感图像水边线高程反演技术,确定了大铲湾岸线变化,并进行了滩涂分带及面积的估算、滩涂利用状况及淤涨速度的确定、不同部位潮滩坡度及淤积速度的反演,为深圳港大铲湾的开发建设提供了理论依据.     

北黄海西部的全新世泥质沉积

细颗粒沉积物在海洋动力条件下被侵蚀、搬运、堆积过程及其对自然环境的影响是国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)关注的内容之一,陆架区细颗粒沉积物的输运、堆积、再悬浮过程与物质循环有着紧密的关系[1]。泥质沉积中记录了环境变迁的信息,通过对现代环境下的细颗粒沉积的研究,可以了解沉积物的形成环境及堆积过程,有助于恢复古代的沉积历史和沉积环境。     

湖南沃溪W Sb Au矿床成因的流体包裹体证据

系统研究了沃溪WSbAu矿床层状矿体的流体包裹体特征,均一温度集中在120～180℃,盐度变化于2.9%～8.9% NaCl之间,由包裹体均一温度与盐度计算得出的流体密度介于0.94～0.96 g/cm3。流体包裹体稀土元素地球化学组成表明,成矿流体为一种进化的海水,即海水在海底下沉积柱循环过程中萃取矿质,形成120～180℃温度的低密度成矿流体。当其回返上升到海底后,形成悬浮热液柱,并与冷海水逐渐掺和,发生化学和机械－化学沉积,在海底形成层状矿体。流体包裹体均一温度和盐度的变化范围与很多沉积喷流（SEDEX）矿床极为相似,暗示与这些矿床具有相似的成因机制。同一矿层、条带状矿石中同一条带的石英中包裹体均一温度和盐度的规律性变化,支持沃溪WSbAu矿床的同生热水沉积成因观点。