Engaging Diasporas for Development: a case study of Pitcairn Island

Diaspora engagement is a growing trend and many governments, international organisations and policy makers are increasingly focusing on the role of diaspora in development strategies for the homelands. Such policies are predominantly critical to island-dense regions such as the Caribbean and Pacific that have suffered high rates of outmigration during the postcolonial period. One such Pacific island is Pitcairn, a British Overseas Territory, and is the focus of this article. But while most of the literature focuses on the positive benefits of diaspora engagement, this paper examines the dynamics of diaspora (dis)engagement and (dis)affection. Each diaspora has a unique set of needs and capabilities based on its historical experience and the present realities of its countries of origin and destination. While much has been written celebrating the role of diasporas in development, diaspora have also shown themselves to have dual natures, with sometimes conflicting identities and allegiances. Based on analysis of a recent Pitcairn Diaspora Survey and ethnographic data, discussion in this paper reveals that the best intentions of engaging diaspora for development can be impeded by several factors including: (1) the complex nature of identity, place and politics; (2) difficult negotiations between past, present and future intentions of movers; and (3) shifting ‘roots/routes’ and boundaries of identification. Consequently, the paper aims to highlight the realities of settlement and relationships of diaspora space and subjectivity with the homeland.     

Word2003文档中插入AutoCAD2004图形的三种方法

对于测绘技术人员来说,需要编写设计书、技术总结、监测方案等测绘类文档。利用Word2003自带的绘图工具,远远不能满足要求。介绍了“利用复制＋粘贴工具”、“转换图像格式”、“使用插入对象”三种方式在Word2003文档中插入AutoCAD2004图形的三种方法,     

Simulation of the full two rigid body problem using polyhedral mutual potential and potential derivatives approach

Herein we investigate the coupled orbital and rotational dynamics of two rigid bodies modelled as polyhedra, under the influence of their mutual gravitational potential. The bodies may possess any arbitrary shape and mass distribution. A method of calculating the mutual potential’s derivatives with respect to relative position and attitude is derived. Relative equations of motion for the two body system are presented and an implementation of the equations of motion with the potential gradients approach is described. Results obtained with this dynamic simulation software package are presented for multiple cases to validate the approach and illustrate its utility. This simulation capability is useful both for addressing questions in dynamical astronomy and for enabling spacecraft missions to binary asteroid systems.     

影响江南春雨年际变化的前期海洋信号及可能机理

利用1980—2017年华南地区303个国家级地面气象站逐小时降水数据、ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析华南前汛期（4—6月）降水统计特征,定义站点上短时（1—6 h）、中等时长（7—12 h）和长时（>12 h）降水事件,对比降水量、频次和强度在南海季风爆发前后的变化,以及所定义的西部内陆、东部内陆、沿海地区的异同。结果表明：（1）南海季风爆发后,研究区域平均而言,三类降水事件的降水量增多、小时降水强度增强,短时、长时降水事件发生频次增多,而中等时长降水事件发生频次有所减少。（2）从空间分布来看,南海季风爆发后,小时降水强度在整个华南地区均增强,西部内陆时长大于6 h的降水事件尤为明显;降水事件的发生频次在西部内陆和沿海地区升高,而东部内陆时长大于6 h的降水事件发生频次降低,因此,季风爆发后西部内陆和沿海地区的总降水量均显著增大,而东部内陆的总降水量变化不大。（3）西部内陆降水事件主要在夜间开始发生,持续时间越长的事件越早开始,且由西向东逐渐推迟;东部内陆短时降水事件主要在14时（北京时,下同）左右开始,季风爆发后更为明显,而时长大于6 h的降水事件的开始时间和峰值时间无明显的分布规律;沿海地区短时降水事件在季风爆发前主要于05—08时开始,季风爆发后,在海岸线约50 km以内仍然如此,而较远离海岸线的短时降水事件主要于14时开始,沿海地区长时降水事件在季风爆发前、后都倾向于在夜间开始,并在日间出现峰值。

     

渤中凹陷西南部古新世—始新世构造差异活动及沉积充填演化

渤海海域渤中凹陷西南部构造复杂,其沉积充填演化规律不明确。综合运用岩芯、测井以及三维地震资料,对该区断陷湖盆古新世—始新世的构造活动、沉积体系以及盆地充填演化规律进行了系统研究。研究表明,渤中凹陷西南部古近纪孔店-沙河街组发育孔店组末期、沙三段末期、沙一二段末期等3期构造活动,多次隆升剥蚀形成3个关键层序界面,控制整个湖盆古近纪孔店-沙河街组的层序结构和古地貌形态。古新世—始新世主要发育近源扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖泊以及湖底扇等4种沉积体系类型,其分布受古物源、古地貌、断裂活动等因素制约。在古新世孔店组沉积裂陷早期,湖盆范围小,物源供给充足,陡坡带和缓坡带均以发育扇三角洲沉积为主,湖盆中心发育湖底扇沉积,晚期湖盆逐渐萎缩;始新世早期的沙三段沉积时期,断陷活动加强,随着盆地范围的扩张,物源供应减弱,湖盆洼陷区主要发育湖底扇沉积。始新世晚期沙一二段裂后沉降期,辫状河三角洲进积特征明显,分布范围广,局部地貌高位置发育湖相碳酸盐岩沉积。不同时期构造差异活动与物源供给共同制约着该区古近纪孔店-沙河街组的沉积充填演化过程,也导致了与渤海海域其他构造区沉积充填的差异性。     

Assessment of regional air pollution distribution by point cumulative semivariogram method at Erzurum urban center, TURKEY

In the assessment of air quality, regional distribution and dispersion with distance are important, together with the variations of pollutants in time. On this occasion, the point cumulative semi-variogram (PCSV) method is used in order to find simply regional distribution of pollutants of Erzurum urban centre. This method is based simply on the summation of square differences in air pollutant concentrations between different sites. Monthly regional variation maps of Erzurum are constructed by finding radius of influence (for SO₂, from 1000 m to 3500 m and, for TSP, 1000–2000 m) and PCSV scattering diagram data at different levels by using monthly average sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and total suspended particulate (TSP) matter concentrations in 2001–2002 winter season. Consequently, the air pollution distribution of Erzurum is assessed.     

小口径加筋砼灌注桩应用初探

在小口径加筋砼灌注桩试桩基础上结合工程实例对小口径加筋砼灌注桩的设计、施工和检测进行了初步探讨     

外部利润、产权界定与土地资源优化配置——成都市农村土地股份合作制改革的制度经济学解析

以"外部利润——产权界定——资源优化配置"为研究主线,对成都市农村土地股份合作制改革进行了制度经济学解析。研究发现,制度创新空间的形成、土地的增值收益、土地规模利用效应和土地集约利用效应构成了成都市农村土地股份合作制改革的外部利润。成都市农村土地股份合作制改革,一方面可以提高土地规模和集约利用效应,促进土地资源优化配置;另一方面可以明晰集体土地产权主体,健全基层组织治理机制。要采取诸如放松法律限制、加强理论研究、规范机制建设等措施,从而推动土地股份合作制的生成和发展。     

用CAPPI和PPI资料测定区域降水量精度比较

应用上海中心气象台７１４数字化天气雷达的体积扫描资料所得的不同高度上的ＣＡＰＰＩ资料和低仰角时ＰＰＩ资料。估算区域降水量并得到降水量分布形势。然后采用平均校准法进行了校准，最后又与用雨量计网测量的区域降水量及其分布形势作了比较，得到一些有意义的结果。     

基于地质记录用时域组合模型预测气候变化趋势的初步研究

用时域分析组合模型建立了１００万年来６０°Ｎ６月份太阳辐射量时间序列、宝鸡黄土粒度时间序列、渭南夏季风指数时间序列的动态模型．研究结果表明,时域分析组合模型较好地提取了时间序列的信息,得到的几个显著周期Ｔ＝１３３,１００,８９,４１,２３,１９ｋａ,与地球轨道三要素的变化周期接近．用组合模型拟合实测数据,精度是高的;用其预测未来气候替代性指标时间序列的变化情况,发现未来气候有向干冷方向发展的趋势．时域分析组合模型为研究气候变化趋势提供了一种定量分析、预测的方法．