Σ-D Relations and Main Galactic Radio Loops

This paper represents the updated empirical Galactic andextragalactic Σ-D relations (relations between the surface brightness Σ and the diameter D) for supernova remnants(SNRs), with checking the connection of the main Galactic radio loops (Loop I, II, III and IV) with these relations. We present results which suggest, once again, that the radio loops may have an SNR origin. The updated relations for old SNRs have been measured to have slopes, β ≈ 2 in log-log space. The best Σ-D relations for M31 and M33 galaxies were derived and these relations are shown to be flatter (β ≲2) than those for Galactic SNRs alone. A Σ-D relation with168 reliable calibrators (both Galactic and extragalactic) is derived. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Feedback switching and the evolution of U.S. coastal management

Feedbacks occur when advocates engage to clarify the implementation of a policy innovation such as the requirement that federal activities be consistent with objectives of state coastal management plans. Discrete policy feedbacks include advocacy, litigation, appeals of decisions as well as other activities inserted into policy implementation by interests or government agencies acting in their behalf. Feedback analysis is applied to the time after the passage of the 1972 U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act. Conflicts after passage of the law resulted in a negative feedback in the form of a Supreme Court decision in 1984 and a subsequent positive feedback through the 1990 revision of the law effectively reversing the Court decision. New insights documented here suggest that feedback switching, wherein old disputes are moved to new arenas, provides the greatest opportunity for overcoming negative feedbacks that could diminish or eliminate the policy innovation. Furthermore observing feedbacks through time and across multiple policy spaces as demonstrated here provides a robust interpretation of policy evolution from a new perspective. This analysis demonstrates how feedbacks convert a voluntary state program into one with authority over certain federal actions. These findings will be important for other areas of coastal policy and, more broadly, policy evolution in general.     

Thermal cyclotron radiation from hot coronal loops and peculiarities of the polarization structure of solar microwave emission sources: I. Brightness temperature

We discuss the possible contribution of the thermal cyclotron radiation from hot coronal magnetic loops to the observed characteristics of the microwave emission from solar active regions. Based on the simplest three-dimensional model of a loop in the shape of a hot torus, we have calculated the expected peculiarities of the frequency and polarization structures of microwave emission sources associated with sunspots and containing coronal loops. Our model calculations of the two-dimensional brightness temperature distributions at various wavelengths for the ordinary and extraordinary modes and the wavelength dependences of the brightness temperatures are presented in the first part of the work. The loop size, the electron density, and the source position on the disk have been found to affect these characteristics. Our numerical calculations of the brightness temperature distributions and spectra have confirmed the well-known assumption that under certain conditions the spectrum of a hot filament can contain cyclotron lines and the sense of the polarization can change over the range. The results obtained here refer to the brightness temperature along the line of sight that crosses the photosphere at a point with given coordinates, i.e., these are the emission characteristics at a fixed point of the source. Integrated characteristics (the flux from the entire source and its polarization) and a discussion of the hot loop model will be given in the second part of the work.     

钢管混凝土短柱隔震装置的试验与隔震结构仿真分析

本文阐述了钢管混凝土短柱装置的工作原理,给出了装置的构造,对隔震装置的试验结果进行了详细分析,并对传统结构模型与隔震结构模型的对比实验作了仿真计算与分析．从计算结果可知,钢管混凝土基底隔震装置具有良好的隔震性能和推广使用价值。     

东北地区冬季气温对海温异常响应的研究

利用HadISST OI海温和中国东北地区92站逐日气温资料,使用广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA)结合EOF分析方法(GEFA-EOF)研究了近50a中国东北地区冬季气温对海表温度异常(SSTA)的响应.结果表明:对于热带和北半球中纬度5个海盆来说,东北地区冬季气温异常与同期热带大西洋和北大西洋海温异常有密切关系,与其他海盆关系不显著;热带大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(TA3)以及北大西洋纬向上"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)分别对东北地区冬季气温的异常偏低和偏高有显著的强迫作用,且对北部地区的强迫作用大于南部地区.热带大西洋和北大西洋对东北地区冬季气温异常影响的可能途径为:热带大西洋TA3模态通过在北半球激发的"正—负—正"的遥相关波列,致使东亚大槽移至贝加尔湖地区,有利于极地冷空气南下至东北地区,导致该地区的冷冬;北大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)直接响应使得东亚大槽减弱消失,极地冷空气南下受阻,导致该地区冬季气温异常偏高.     

MHD waves in coronal loops with a shell

We consider a model of a coronal loop in the form of a cord surrounded by a coaxial shell. Two slow magnetosonic waves longitudinally propagate within a thin flux tube on the m=0 cylindrical mode with velocities close to the tube velocities in the cord and the shell. One wave propagates inside the cord, while the other propagates inside the shell. A peculiar feature of the second wave is that the plasma in the cord and the shell oscillates with opposite phases. There are two fast magnetosonic waves on each of the cylindrical modes with m>0. If the plasma density in the shell is lower than that in the surrounding corona, then one of the waves is radiated into the corona, which causes the loop oscillations to be damped, while the other wave is trapped by the cord, but can also be radiated out under certain conditions. If the plasma density in the shell is higher than that in the cord, then one of the waves is trapped by the shell, while the other wave can also be trapped by the shell under certain conditions. In the wave trapped by the shell and the wave radiated by the tube, the plasma in the cord and the shell oscillates with opposite phases.     

登陆台风不连续北跳与暴雨的数值模拟研究

利用MM4（PSU/NCAR）模式，对1992年8月31日20时～9月1日20时登陆台风暴雨过程进行了数值试验研究。结果表明；登陆台风的不连续北跳与西风槽和积云对流潜热反馈有关。倒槽南部雨区内积云对流的发展加大了对台风倒槽内的水汽、动量、热量等输送，使倒槽内降水增幅。积云对流潜热反馈对高低空急流以及台风的移动都有很大的影响。     

TEM中心回线法计算考虑关断时间的全区视电阻率

详细推导了TEM法中心回线装置发射电流为斜阶跃波形条件下全区视电阻率迭代反演计算方法。对正演过程中对关断时间的积分采用了解析表示。对反演过程中求导运算,通过变量变换,将对电阻率的求导变换为对时间的求导,从而也给出简单的解析关系。避开了数值积分运算和差分替代导数的近似,提高了计算精度和速度。为克服迭代反演过程中要多次计算概率积分的耗时问题,采用标准数据库的方法一劳永逸地加以解决,也大大提高了计算精度和速度。对实测资料进行了计算,并通过算例对一些问题进行了讨论。     

南秦岭晚三叠世胭脂坝岩体岩石磁学及磁组构可靠性约束

胭脂坝岩体是秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世花岗岩,已有的年代学和地球化学研究对该岩体的侵位机制有不同认识。对岩体的岩石磁学进行分析,结合其岩相学特征,探讨了用磁组构约束岩体内部组构这一方法的可靠性。研究表明,胭脂坝岩体样品的平均磁化率Km值和校正磁化率各向异性度PJ值总体较低,与顺磁性花岗岩类一致。磁滞回线分析表明,绝大部分样品的磁化率来自顺磁性矿物的贡献,少部分高磁化率样品含有铁磁性矿物的贡献,但其浓度极低。高磁化率值样品的等温剩磁曲线获得和反向退磁曲线及χ-T曲线分析表明,铁磁性矿物为磁铁矿,且为多畴颗粒。结合岩相学特征,认为胭脂坝岩体低场磁组构反映了顺磁性的云母类矿物的组构特征,磁组构特征真实地记录了样品的内部组构特征。