Integration of Microalgae-Based Wastewater Bioremediation–Biorefinery Process to Promote Circular Bioeconomy and Sustainability: A Review

Bioremediation of wastewater using microalgae is inexpensive, energy efficient, and effective in pollutant reduction as compared to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Wastewater is a huge resource of minerals, nutrients, bioenergy, and valuable organic compounds and can be used for cultivation of microalgae. The microalgal biomass can be further used as biorefinery feedstock to produce biofuels and commercially important high-value products. The potential of microalgae toward bioremediation and biorefinery applications presents the avenues for integrating the two processes to support circular bioeconomy and sustainability. This review presents a holistic view of integration of bioremediation and biorefinery processes using microalgae for deriving multiple benefits like pollutant removal, resource recovery, biofuel production, and generation of high-value commercial products. The current status of high-throughput microalgal screening technologies is also discussed since the selection of suitable microalgal strains is crucial for the application. The review further summarizes various processes involved in bioremediation and biorefinery systems such as cultivation, bioremediation, harvesting, and downstream processing. Recent trends in microalgal strain improvement for bioremediation and biorefinery applications through genetic engineering, bioinformatics, omics technologies, and genome editing tools are highlighted, while addressing the risks, biosafety issues, and regulatory affairs associated with genetically modified algae.     

R型因子分析和聚类分析在内蒙古伊山林场土壤地球化学测量中的应用

土壤地球化学测量分析元素众多,所成图件数量庞大,因此往往不易判断各元素之间的相关关系。笔者利用R型因子分析和聚类分析方法,对内蒙古伊山林场金矿普查区土壤样品进行分析,研究其元素间的共生组合关系。结果显示,R型因子分析和聚类分析二者对应性较好,有效地划分了元素共生组合类型。     

流体动态及其分量与地震过程、宇宙物理和大气因素的关系

对阿拉木图预报试验场流体动态与地震活动水平关系问题进行了分析研究,查明1986~1997年时段是高地震活动期,流体动态和地震活动性之间具有最大相关系数特点,这就证明两者关系存在。同时也查明,流体动态时间过程与宇宙物理和大气因素有关系。     

GIS与SPSS集成分析区域土地利用变化

利用遥感、专题地图及自然与社会经济统计等数据,在GIS技术的支持下,建立了吉林省镇赉县土地利用变化专题数据库;利用SPSS软件,对引起镇赉县土地利用变化的驱动力因子进行分析,建立因子分析模型,分析该区域土地利用变化的驱动因素;提出土地优化利用策略,为区域土地可持续利用及环境保护提供科学依据。     

饱和地基中空沟近场隔振的现场试验与二维半解析边界元分析

动力机器运行和车辆行驶等会产生振动污染,危及邻近建筑物安全和干扰精密仪器设备正常运行等。这些振动污染可通过在地基中设置空沟的方式来降低或消除。针对饱和地基上明置动力机器基础的环境振动影响及空沟近场隔振问题,进行了饱和地基上空沟近场隔振的现场试验,并对试验结果进行了无量纲化分析;基于饱和土半解析边界元法,分别推导了动力机器基础环境振动影响和空沟近场隔振的边界元方程;在此基础上,详细研究了空沟对动力机器基础振动影响的隔振效果,分析了空沟深度、宽度和距振源距离对其隔振效果的影响。结果表明:空沟能够有效的降低动力机器基础的环境振动影响;空沟宽度对其隔振效果影响相对较小,而空沟深度对其隔振效果影响较大,为获得较好的隔振效果,空沟深度建议取1倍Rayleigh波波长;空沟距振源距离对其隔振效果也有较大影响,距离越远则隔振效果也越好,当被保护建筑距振源较远时,建议空沟在被保护建筑附近设置。此外,在某些特殊情况下,空沟隔振系统会由于共振现象而出现隔振效果劣化的现象,在工程设计中应予以注意。     

DRAINMOD-S模型参数的全局灵敏度分析

为有效进行DRAINMOD-S模型参数的优选,更好地理解参数变化对模拟结果的影响,开展了模型参数灵敏度分析。以南通市九龙垦区暗管排水脱盐试验为例,采用Morris全局定性分析方法检测了DRAINMOD-S模型模拟土壤剖面含盐量时侧向饱和导水率K_sat、水动力弥散系数D、地表最大蓄水深度S_m、相对不透水层深度I_m、排水系数D_r及地下水初始埋深W 6个参数的灵敏度。结果表明:K_sat对模拟结果影响最为显著,D、S_m和D_r次之,而W与I_m影响最小;各个参数间的非线性作用存在差异,以K_sat最为显著。为保证模型模拟质量,对敏感性参数应提高现场测试精度,在模型运行时,对灵敏度大的参数应进行重点调整,同时也不可忽视非线性作用较强的参数,从而有效地指导模型的参数率定,提高模型的适用性。     

北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000)

利用2000年的第5次人口普查数据和1982年的第3次人口普查数据,采用因子分析和聚类分析技术研究了近20年来北京都市区的社会空间结构及其演化。对比1982年的情况,2000年北京都市区社会空间结构的主因子、社会区类型、模式及其形成机制均发生了较多的变化。1982年北京都市区的社会空间结构相对简单,整体上表现出一定的同质性特点;2000年的社会空间结构则趋于复杂,诸社会区之间主要以同心圆的方式组合,也伴有多核心和扇形结构,异质性的特征十分突出。论文最后从宏观、中观和微观3个层次提出了一种城市社会空间结构演化的交叉式网络机制,认为它有效地推动了计划经济特色明显的北京都市区社会空间结构向市场转型条件下的社会空间结构转化。     

新平大红山铜铁矿床控矿因素及成因分析

大红山铜铁矿床是我国著名的大型铁铜矿床之一。对成矿地质背景、矿床地质、矿体特征等综合研究,分析矿床控矿因素,提出矿床成因为火山-喷发沉积变质型,建立了成矿模式。     

Effects of afforestation on carbon storage in Boyang Lake Basin, China

By using field survey data from the sixth forest inventory of Jiangxi Province in 2003, the biomass and carbon storage for three studied species （Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Pinus elliottii） were estimated in Taihe and Xingguo counties of Boyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Province, China. The relationship between carbon density and forest age was analyzed by logistic equations. Spatio-temporal dynamics of forest biomass and carbon storage in 1985-2003 were also described. The results show that total stand area of the three forest species was 3.10 × 10^5 ha, total biomass 22.20 Tg, vegetation carbon storage 13.07 Tg C, and average carbon density 42.36 Mg C/ha in the study area in 2003. Carbon storage by forest type in descending order was： P. massoniana, C. lanceolata and P. elliottii. Carbon storage by forest age group in descending order was： middle stand, young stand, near-mature stand and mature stand. Carbon storage by plantation forests was 1.89 times higher than that by natural forests. Carbon density of the three species increased 8.58 Mg C/ha during the study period. The carbon density of Taihe County was higher in the east and west, and lower in the middle. The carbon density of Xingguo County was higher in the northeast and lower in the middle. In general, the carbon density increased with altitude and gradient. Afforestation projects contribute significantly to increasing stand area and carbon storage. Appropriate forest management may improve the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems.     

生物采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及培养条件优化

为研究生物酶采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的初、复筛选及培养条件优化,从大庆原油样品中筛选菌种,通过水解酪素的透明圈实验及福林酚测蛋白酶酶活的方法进行菌株的初、复筛选;以蛋白酶酶活为优化指标,采用单因素实验对筛选的产蛋白酶菌株的培养基及培养条件进行优化,优化最适培养基:可溶性淀粉为15g/L,蛋白胨为20g/L,酵母膏为20g/L,NaCl为1.0g/L,CaCl2为0.02g/L,Na2HPO4为0.2g/L,NaH2PO4为0.1g/L;在初始pH为6.0、接种量为5%(体积分数)、温度为31℃、摇床转速为160r/min的条件下,培养72h后,菌株的蛋白酶酶活为551.0U/mL,为复筛选菌株的蛋白酶酶活的22.92倍,即为菌株生长繁殖及代谢的最佳条件,能够获得更高的蛋白酶酶活,有利于后续实验的进行.结果表明:菌株产蛋白酶对原油作用效果为发酵液表面张力从作用前的56.2mN/m降低到作用后的30.5mN/m,表面张力显著降低,还有降解降黏原油等效果,具有一定的研究价值.