Stability of seawalls using modified pseudo-dynamic method under earthquake conditions

By using the modified pseudo-dynamic method for submerged soils this paper explores the seismic stability of seawall for the active condition of earth pressure. Different forces such as seismic active earth pressure, seismic inertia forces of the wall, non-breaking wave pressure, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures are considered in the stability analysis. Limit equilibrium has been used, and expressions for the factor of safety against sliding and overturning mode of failure have been proposed. The proposed methodology overcomes the limitations of existing pseudo-dynamic method for submerged soils. A detailed parametric study has been conducted by varying different parameters and results are presented in the form of design charts for computation of factor of safety against sliding and overturning mode of failures. It was noticed that the influences of soil friction angle, seismic acceleration coefficient, wall inclination and excess pore pressure are significant when compared to the other parameters. The value of factor of safety against the sliding mode of failure is increasing by about 62% when the value of soil frictional angle is increased from 30° to 40°. It was also found that the factor of safety against overturning mode of failure is decreasing by about 22% as the value of excess pore pressure ratio increases from 0 to 0.75. The proposed method with closed-form solutions can be used for the seismic design of seawalls.     

Elemental variations in glacier cryoconites of Indian Himalaya and Spitsbergen,Arctic

Cryoconite samples were collected from two different climatic domains i.e., the Sutri Dhaka glacier, western Himalaya India and Svalbard glaciers, the Spitsbergen, Arctic, to understand the elemental source and elemental deposition patterns. The data of geochemical analysis suggest that the Himalayan cryoconite samples accumulate higher concentrations as compared to the cryoconite samples of the Arctic glaciers. The concentration of lithophile elements (Cs, Li, Rb and U) was recorded higher in the cryoconite holes of the Himalayas, especially, in the lower to the higher parts of the glacier, whereas, lower concentrations were recorded in the Arctic samples. Chalcophile elements in the Himalayan cryoconites are enriched in As and Bi while the Arctic cryoconite samples show a higher concentration of Bi, Pb and As. The higher concentrations are responsible for influencing the ecosystem and in human health related issues. Siderophile elements (Co, Fe, Mn and Ni) show high concentrations in the Himalayan samples, whereas, the Arctic samples show minor variations and low elemental concentration in these elements, respectively. In addition, a few elements, such as Ag, Mg, and Ca show higher concentration in the Himalayan glacier samples. Ca also occurs in high concentrations in Arctic glacier samples. R-mode factor analysis of the Himalayas (Arctic) samples indicate that the elements are distributed in four (three) factors, explaining 89% (90%) of the variance in their elemental distribution. The Factor 1 suggests statistically significant positive loadings for most of the lithophile, chalcophile and siderophile elements of the “Himalayan” and the Arctic cryoconite samples. The sample-wise factor score distribution shows a considerable variation in the sampling locations along the glaciers of both the regions. Factors 2 and 3, demonstrate insignificant loading for most of the elements, except statistically significant positive loading in some of the elements of the both, Himalayan and Arctic “cryoconites”. The higher elemental concentration in the cryoconites of the Himalayan region may be an indicator of the natural processes and/or attributed to the rapid industrialization in the Asian countries.     

影响松潘地区深反射地震数据品质的几种因素

深反射地震剖面技术是揭示岩石圈精细结构的有效手段,获得高质量的原始资料是揭示岩石圈精细结构探讨地球动力学过程的前提和基础.松潘地块地表条件和地下地质构造复杂,资料信噪比低.本文针对松潘地区地表地质条件、激发接收条件及环境等因素,通过实例数据对比分析影响该工区原始单炮记录品质的主要原因,为反射地震勘探数据采集工作提供几点参考和建议.     

可变点约束叠前流体因子直接提取方法

以Gassmann流体因子(Gassmann Fluid Item,GFI)为目标,提出了一种流体因子直接提取的新方法.首先,以贝叶斯反演框架为基础,将似然函数、先验信息以及Gassmann流体因子近似方程相结合,得到初始的目标函数;其次,进一步在初始目标函数中加入可变数量的点约束信息,并得到最终的目标函数;最后,通过求解该目标函数,就直接提取出了Gassmann流体因子.该方法的主要特点是不需要初始模型的参与,而是通过一个约束模型来控制提取结果的稳定性和准确性,并且可以从约束模型中选定不同数量的约束点进行约束,称为可变点约束.给出并讨论了三种常用的不同点约束模式和原则,并用模型说明了它们不同的约束效果.模型验证和实际应用结果皆以表明,该方法即使在叠前数据信噪比很低的情况下也能较好地提取出Gassmann流体因子,流体因子提取结果客观性高、稳定性好,并且能够与已知的流体解释结果很好地匹配,益于进一步推广应用.     

基于因子分析和季节趋势滤波方法的地球物理因子识别以唐山台跨断层数据为例

利用因子分析可以有效地找出多个变量的公共因子, 找出隐含因素; 基于季节趋势滤波方法, 可以分析序列的周期成分和趋势变化特征, 结合区域地震特征, 确定序列的物理意义。 本文将这两种方法结合, 提出了完整的地球物理因子识别方法, 并将其应用于唐山地震台跨断层形变短基线序列, 获得了具有物理意义的三个公共因子, 即远场构造因子、 台站因子和近场构造因子。     

Impact analysis of government investment on water projects in the arid Gansu Province of China

In this paper, we introduced three-nested Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function into a static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model. Through four levels of factor productivity, we constructed three nested production function of land use productivity in the conceptual modeling frameworks. The first level of factor productivity is generated by the basic value-added land. On the second level, factor productivity in each sector is generated by human activities that presents human intervention to the first level of factor productivity. On the third level of factor productivity, water allocation reshapes the non-linear structure of transaction among first and second levels. From the perspective of resource utilization, we examined the economic efficiency of water allocation. The scenario-based empirical analysis results show that the three-nested CES production function within CGE model is well-behaved to present the economy system of the case study area. Firstly, water scarcity harmed economic production. Government investment on water projects in Gansu thereby had impacts on economic outcomes. Secondly, huge governmental financing on water projects bring depreciation of present value of social welfare. Moreover, water use for environment adaptation pressures on water supply. The theoretical water price can be sharply increased due to the increasing costs of factor inputs. Thirdly, water use efficiency can be improved by water projects, typically can be benefited from the expansion of water-saving irrigation areas even in those expanding dry area in Gansu. Therefore, increasing governmental financing on water projects can depreciate present value of social welfare but benefit economic efficiency for future generation.     

Analyses of factors forming offshore SST anomaly(O-SSTA) in China seas

INTRoDUCTIONThestatusofChinaseasisverycomplicated.First,itisoftendisturbedbystrongsynopticsy8tems,suchastheadvanceandretreatofthesubtropichighs,theactivityofthetyphoonsandthecoldwavesetc;next,ithascomplexwater-systemswhicharecontrolledbyaplanetary-scalecurrentsyStemofKuroshio;inaddition,italsohasacomplicatedtopographyandwidecontinen-talshelves(about4OOkmwide).Underthesecircumstances,theSSTvariesObviouslythrough-outtheyear.OneoutstandingvariationistheoffshoreSSTanomaly,namely,crSSTA.…     

彩色图像复制的加网技术及其应用

加网技术的变化直接影响彩色图像复制的质量, 作者主要从彩色图像复制的基本原理出发, 论述了调幅加网技术和调频加网技术, 并对两种加网技术作一比较, 分析了调频加网技术在当今时代具有广阔的应用前景。     

Two Markov Models and Their Application

Two different Markov models for cross-covariance and coregionalization modeling are proposed and compared in cokriging and stochastic simulation modes. The newly introduced Markov model 2 performs better in cases where the secondary data are defined on a larger support volume than the primary variable being estimated or simulated. Incorrect adoption of the more traditional Markov model 1 may result in cokriging estimated maps that are artificially too close to the secondary data map and in simulated realizations with too high nugget effect.     

《地球学报》2005—2018年主要期刊评价指标变化趋势分析

期刊评价指标能定量评价期刊的相互影响和相互作用,正确评估期刊在科学交流体系中的作用和地位.本文基于2006—2019年版《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》收录的统计数据,选取了《地球学报》期刊被引用计量指标(核心总被引频次、核心影响因子)、期刊来源计量指标(来源文献量、平均引文数、基金论文比)、学科分类内期刊计量指标(综合评价总分、学科扩散指数、学科影响指标),分析了其变化趋势,结论如下:核心总被引频次、平均引文数、学科扩散指数、学科影响指标显著提高;核心影响因子和综合评价总分波动式上升;来源文献量、基金论文比基本保持稳定.上述研究表明,《地球学报》学术质量和影响力不断提升,科学交流程度和吸收外部信息能力显著增强,这与其近年来实施的一系列影响力提升措施密切相关,如注重文章质量和原始创新性,树立精品意识;辟特色栏目,推优秀专辑;独特的封面设计理念及"封面故事";注重编辑与出版质量;关注出版行业和期刊发展动态等.