The journal Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering with Biomedical Applications becomes the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering (IJNMBE) from 1st January 2010

Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, founded by Roland W. Lewis in 1985, will change its title to the ‘International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering’ and has a revised Aims and Scope. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shell‐shape and morphometric variability in Mytilus galloprovincialis from micro‐tidal environments: responses to different hydrodynamic drivers

Tidal conditions differently influence inter‐tidal organisms in terms of general physiological and metabolic responses. In this study we investigated the morphological response in shells of Mytilus galloprovincialis native to different micro‐tidal coastal environments in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Our purpose was to highlight the ecophenotypic variability across tidal levels and to elucidate how tidal currents and waves produced by anthropogenic activities may play a part in modulating shell morphology. Three sampling sites were selected: an open‐sea area 15 km off‐shore and two sites within the lagoon of Venice, the first near one of its three inlets, and the other one in the proximity of Venice city centre. At each sampling site, organisms were seasonally collected at different depths within their vertical zonation, either in the inter‐tidal zone – i.e. at both the highest and lowest tide zonation limits, and subtidally. The mussel shells were analysed by investigation of their morphometric relationships (height/length and width/length ratios) and by elliptic Fourier analysis of the shell contours. Shell thickness and condition index were also evaluated for a better comprehension of energy allocation/partitioning. Estimates based on long‐term measurements, visual observation, wind statistics and wave growth laws allowed an evaluation of the forces acting on shells. At the open‐sea site, the observed phenotypic variability of both shell shape and thickness was clearly related to the tidal vertical zonation. At the two lagoon sites, the currents generated by tidal flow through the inlet and the waves caused by the frequent passage of boats influenced both shell shape and thickness. A trade‐off between protection and growth was apparent along the tide gradient, as emphasized by the differences in the partitioning and allocation of energy between shell and flesh production.     

深海原位取芯钻机作业机理分析及实验研究

针对深海运载器海底岩芯原位取样作业需求,对基于水下运载器的深海原位取芯钻机在深海低温、高压、底层流速多变等特点条件下的作业机理及受力进行分析,并选取硬质合金钻头和PDC钻头进行了取芯钻头的轴向力、切向力和切削功率的数学力学对比计算,确定了单环四齿周向均布的金刚石复合片(PDC)钻头设计方案。在理论分析基础上,针对深海钴结壳设计了台架试验,开展钻进试验研究。通过理论计算和实验研究,探寻了一种基于深海运载器的钴结壳小型钻机设计方法,确定了钻机功率、转速、钻进正向压力和取芯率等基本参数选取范围,对开展海底岩芯原位取样作业具有重要的指导意义。     

北京平原构造断块划分及微断块第四纪活动性探讨

在对北京平原地区地质构造特征综合分析的基础上,依据近年来在活动断裂研究中遇到的问题,本文提出对北京平原区进行构造断块划分的方案。将北京平原区划分为7个"断块",即马池口—沙河、小汤山、顺义、平谷、丰台—来广营、大兴—通州及房山断块。据断块内次一级活动断裂和第四纪地层沉降发育情况,进一步可划出活动微断块,把以研究单一活动断裂重点转变为以控制微断块边界的交汇活动断裂组相互作用为中心。从而揭示出第四纪以来微断块边界交汇活动断裂组的特征、活动方式及其规律等,可为首都城市建设规划和减轻地质灾害等提供有价值的参考,为保障城市地质安全提供地质依据。     

基于微信公众平台的智慧旅游系统的开发与实现

主要介绍了五大连池风景区微信公众账号的建设模式,微信公众账号作为景区的宣传推广工具,为游客提供智能化的自助导览服务,解决游客旅行前、中、后所需,实现智慧旅游移动端应用,集旅游推广营销与游客旅行服务构建一体化移动端产品。微信公众账号还将以二维码的形式,在"天地图·五大连池"门户网站、景区入口以及各大商场、酒店醒目位置展示,作为打通线上线下的必要环节,以提升游客访问量,形成智慧旅游O2O闭环。     

伊舒地堑方正断陷新安村组沉积微相研究

依据岩心、地震、测井和录井资料,应用层序地层学和沉积学的原理和方法,查明了伊舒地堑方正断陷新安村组沉积微相特征.结果表明,方正断陷新安村组发育的沉积微相类型主要为分流河道、水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、滨浅湖砂质滩坝、泥质滩坝.在平面上沿北西部断裂向断陷中间依次过渡为扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、湖泊相,部分区域发育湖底扇;沿南东部断裂向断裂中间依次发育扇三角洲前缘和湖泊相.扇三角洲相在北部发育,湖泊相在南部和中部发育。     

同步辐射显微CT的人关节软骨三维成像研究

目的:探讨同步辐射显微CT(SR-μCT)相位对比技术成像研究人软骨细微组织结构的可行性。方法:3例直径约1mm,高度约4mm的圆柱状离体人软骨(正常1例,轻度损伤1例,重度损伤1例)样本,经4%甲醛溶液固定后行SR-μCT扫描,扫描后将原始投影图像相位恢复,切片重构及三维重建,而后与病理图片对照,对比分析SR-μCT图像的细胞形态,大小及排列方式;比较正常标本与软骨损伤标本的胶原原纤维网的改变。结果:SR-μCT重建图像可以清楚显示软骨细胞、软骨陷窝及排列方式,与病理切片高度吻合。经MIP重建,可以显示软骨基质内的胶原原纤维网,正常软骨呈垂直于软骨下骨面的平行排列,其横截面呈拱形网状,轻度软骨损伤标本纵向呈弯曲状排列,其横截面可见轻度塌陷,重度软骨损伤表现为横截面明显塌陷,纵切面纤维排列紊乱。结论:SR-μCT可实现软骨细胞水平的成像,经合适阈值处理,可以显示胶原原纤维网三维结构。     

流动单元研究在乌石A油田扇三角洲沉积体系复杂储层的应用

乌石A油田为近年来在南海西部盆地新发现的油田之一,主要发育近源扇三角洲沉积体系,通过评价井产能测试和测压取资料表现出研究区储层渗流特征复杂,产能与测井解释储层物性相关性差,常规方法无法准确表征储层渗流特征。针对海上油田资料较匮乏的特点,应用流动单元研究思路,以微观孔隙结构特征分类为基础划分流动单元,总结归纳各类流动单元的微观与宏观特点,提出以分选性、电性、孔隙度3参数在全区范围内划分流动单元以及评价其产能,评价结果与实测结果吻合度较高,目前来看此方法能准确评价此类复杂储层,有效指导该油田后期开发部署。     

中国近40年来雾的研究

自1958年以来,中国一直重视人工消雾试验和雾的物理学研究。文中总结了40余年来中国在人工消雾、雾的物理化学特性、雾生消物理过程研究等方面的成就,介绍了雾与生态环境之间的紧密关系及雾数值模式研究的发展过程和取得的重要成果。雾是贴地层空气中悬浮着大量水滴或冰晶微粒而使水平能见距离降到1km以内的天气现象。它不仅对水陆空交通有不利影响,而且对工农业生产和人民身体健康也带来了严重危害。纯净雾水也有有利的一面,比如云南省南部的雾对生产高质量的茶叶及发展橡胶林十分有利。对一些干旱地区还可“雾中取水”。近些年来发现,雾与生态环境关系密切,研究雾可为保护生态环境提供科学依据。     

碎裂煤二维显微裂隙自动识别及信息提取

碎裂煤二维裂隙定量分析对构造复杂区煤储层渗透性、煤体强度有效预测有重要意义。针对2张分别取自不同变形程度碎裂煤的二维显微裂隙位图,基于MATLAB图像处理平台,经二值化、降噪和修复,编程实现裂隙自动识别,成功消除擦痕及大小不等杂斑干扰,识别裂隙与原裂隙趋于一致;然后在裂隙分割的基础上,实现了裂隙面积、长度、平均宽度及面裂隙率等参数的自动提取,并对2张位图获得的裂隙信息进行对比,结果与直观反映的裂隙发育程度一致。