HLAFS业务预报系统改进对比试验

该文以国家气象中心的有限区域业务预报模式为基础，在模式中引入了简化的混合相云方案，其中包括云水雨水的冻结、冰雪的融化等冰相过程；并把模式的水平分辨率由0.5°×0.5°提高到0.25°×0.25°经纬度网格。在此基础上建立了较高分辨率的同化预报系统，并使用实时资料进行预报对比试验。试验结果表明，改进后的降水落区预报有了明显进步，强降水中心的降雨量预报也有所增强，与原方案相比更接近于降水实况。     

冻土单轴压缩动态试验研究

讨论了冻土试样的制作过程。采用计算机层析扫描技术（CT）对未饱水和饱水冻土试样单轴压缩过程进行了动态测试，给出了冻土单轴压缩各承载阶段内部结构变化特征，基于CT测试对加载过程进行了分析，讨论了饱水冻土和未饱水冻土试样的破坏形式，并对空隙损伤阶段损伤进行了计算。     

钻孔和巷铜周围流体压力变化对围岩变形及应力状态的影响

钻孔、巷硐周围流体压力的分布和变化对围岩变形和应力状态有着显著影响。但这是一个涉及多个变量、多种响应的动态耦合过程，尚无法用解析法解算。孔硐周围的流体压力的动态变化又难以实现物理模拟。以钻孔排放瓦斯为例，通过数值模拟，结合宏观观测结果和微观机制的分析，对其规律和一些工程现象与措施的机理作了初步分析。     

电导检测器—单柱离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中几种微量阴离子

本文研究了单柱离子色谱法测定饮用水中微量阴离子的方法 ,样品经微孔滤膜过滤即可直接进样分析。淋洗液最佳浓度为 2 5mmol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液 ;电导检测器检测灵敏度为 3 2 μS/cm2 。该方法简便快捷、灵敏 ,选择性好     

Effects of periodic fluctuations of micro‐polar boundary conditions on shear localizations in granular soil–structure interaction

In this work, the interface behavior between an infinite extended narrow granular layer and a rough surface of rigid body is investigated numerically, using finite element method in the updated Lagrangian (UL) frame. In this regard, the elasto‐plastic micro‐polar (Cosserat) continuum approach is employed to remove the limitations caused by strain‐softening of materials in the classical continuum. The mechanical properties of cohesionless granular soil are described with Lade's model enhanced by polar terms, including Cosserat rotations, curvatures, and couple stresses. Furthermore, the mean grain diameter as the internal length is incorporated into the constitutive relations accordingly. Here, the evolution and location of shear band, within the granular layer in contact with the rigid body, are mainly focused. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the effects of homogeneous distribution and periodic fluctuation of micro‐polar boundary conditions, prescribed along the interface. Correspondingly, the effects of pressure level, mean grain diameter, and stratified soil are also considered. The finite element results demonstrate that the location and evolution of shear band in the granular soil layer are strongly affected by the non‐uniform micro‐polar boundary conditions, prescribed along the interface. It is found that the shear band is located closer to the boundary with less restriction of grain rotations. Furthermore, the predicted thickness of shear band is larger for higher rotation resistance of soil grains along the interface, larger mean grain diameter, and higher vertical pressure. Regarding the stratified soil, comprising a thin layer with slightly different initial void ratio, the shear band moves towards the layer with initially higher void ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The water balance of an Amazonian micro‐catchment: the effect of interannual variability of rainfall on hydrological behaviour

In humid tropical systems, the large intraseasonal and interannual variability of rainfall can significantly affect all components of the water balance. This variability and the lack of detailed hydrological and meteorological data in both temporal and spatial scales have created uncertainties regarding the closure of the water balance for the Amazon basin. Previous studies in Amazonian micro‐catchments suggested that both the unsaturated and groundwater system, which are not taken into consideration in basin‐wide water budgets published in the literature, play an important role in controlling the timing of runoff generation. In this paper, the components of the water balance and the variations in different storages within the system were examined using 3 years' data from a 6·58 km² micro‐catchment in central Amazonia. The role and relative importance of the various stores were examined. The results show a strong memory effect in the groundwater system that carries over seasonal climate anomalies from one year to the next and affects the hydrological response well beyond the time span of the anomaly. In addition, the deep unsaturated zone was found to play a key role in reducing most of the intraseasonal variability and also affected the groundwater recharge. This memory effect is crucial for sustaining streamflow and evaporation in years with rainfall deficiency. The memory effect caused by storage in the groundwater and unsaturated systems may also prevent the closure of annual large‐scale water balances, which assume that storage returns to a standard state each year. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于RFID的智能语音导游系统的设计与实现

提出一种基于射频识别和单片机技术的智能语音导游系统的设计和实现方案,阐述了系统的工作原理,详细介绍了系统各模块的硬件实现方法以及模块间的接口电路,并给出导游系统工作的软件流程图.通过测试表明,该导游系统可智能定位,具有支持长时间语音播放及易于语音信息更新等优点.     

三维复杂构造中地震波模拟的单程波方法

复杂构造中单程波与双程波方法模拟结果的比较表明,就地震勘探中主要关心的一次反射波而言,单程波算法已具有足够的精度. 使用单程波方程将极大地减少数值计算的计算量,同时对介质的几何和物理参数建模也降低了要求. 单程波算法可视为深度偏移的“逆运算”,这样可以很好地借用已知的深度偏移方法及其程序系统. 基于计算效率和计算精度的双重考虑,本文在介质速度结构较复杂时采用显式短算子波场延拓方法,而在介质速度结构相对简单时采用分裂步相移法. 反射系数的计算中考虑了其随入射角的变化.     

泥页岩单轴抗压破裂特征及UCS影响因素

正确认识泥页岩单轴抗压破裂特征及UCS影响因素对探究泥页岩破裂机制、钻完井设计、压裂评价、微裂缝预测、测井解释及地震响应等方面均具有重要参考价值。本文在对国内外近些年有关泥页岩单轴抗压及UCS研究系统调研及近期研究成果全面分析基础上,对泥页岩破裂特征及UCS影响因素进行了综合分析。研究结果表明,泥页岩单轴加载曲线的非弹性段变形机制受微裂缝的滑动、新微裂缝的产生、扩展及孔隙坍塌的综合影响。泥页岩单轴抗压破裂呈张性或张剪性,张性破裂易发生于刚度较高、固结程度较强的部位;而剪性破裂易发生于刚度较低、固结程度较弱的部位。S型破裂准则可以较为准确的描述泥页岩从单轴到三轴发生破裂时所对应的强度变化。从地质学角度,对影响泥页岩UCS的因素进行了归纳,分别为矿物组成、层理面角度、分选性、微组构、有机质含量及分布、孔隙度、水分、微裂缝8方面因素,详细分析了不同影响因素的影响机制。在这些影响因素中,微裂缝由于分布特征复杂,其对泥页岩单轴抗压破裂及UCS的影响机制研究尚不深入。因此建议未来应加强泥页岩微裂缝参数的定量化研究,从微观尺度研究微裂缝对泥页岩单轴抗压破裂的具体影响机制,该研究可以为页岩油气勘探、开发提供科学指导。     

联合小波变换与偏振分析自动拾取微地震P波到时

对微地震P波到时的自动拾取是微地震信号分析和数据处理的主要目标之一。基于小波变换的多尺度分析思想,对微地震信号进行小波处理后的小波系数代替原始信号,应用包含在小波变换系数中的信号偏振信息,提出了联合小波变换与偏振分析自动拾取微地震信号P波到时的方法。通过对嘉阳煤矿监测的实际微地震数据进行小波变换,用多尺度小波分解的各个尺度单支重构信号构成协方差矩阵,求解不同尺度协方差矩阵的最大特征值和次大特征值求取P波到时定位函数,实现P波到时的自动拾取,取得了满意的结果.