新疆加曼特金矿流体包裹体特征及成因证据的分析方法研究

通过对新疆加曼特金矿床矿脉中石英、闪锌矿、方解石内发育的流体包裹体进行显微测温分析,计算得出流体的盐度和密度;同时采用激光拉曼光谱对单个流体包裹体的成分进行分析。结果表明,加曼特金矿流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱上显示仅有H2O峰,成矿流体属NaCl-H2O体系;均一温度主要集中在180～260℃,盐度在0.17%～12.52%,密度为0.49～0.97 g/cm3,初步认为该矿床应属于浅成低温热液型矿床,成矿流体显示低温、低盐度和低密度的性质。     

The Genesis Mechanism of the Mantle Fluid Action and Evolution in the Ore‐Forming Process: A Case Study of the Laowangzhai Gold Deposit in Yunnan,China

Based on petrological studies of the wall rocks, mineralizing rocks, ores and veins from the Laowangzhai gold deposit, it is discovered that along with the development of silication, carbonation and sulfidation, a kind of black opaque ultra-microlite material runs through the spaces between grains, fissures and cleavages. Under observations of the electron microprobe, scanning electronic microscopy and energy spectrum, this kind of ultra-microlite material is confirmed to consist of ultra microcrystalline quartz, silicate, sulfides and carbonates, as well as rutile, scheelite and specularite (magnetite), showing characters of liquation by the analyses of SEM and energy spectrum. The coexistence of immiscibility and precipitating co-crystallization strongly suggests that the mineralizing fluid changed from the melt to the hydrothermal fluid. Combined with the element geochemical researches, it is realized that the ultra-microlite aggregate is the direct relics of the mantle fluid behaving like a melt and supercritical fluid, which goes along with the mantle-derived magma and will escape from the magma body at a proper time. During the alteration process, the nature of the mantle fluid changed and it is mixed with the crustal fluid, which are favorable for mineralization in the Loawangzhai gold deposit.     

Solute movement through intact columns of cryoturbated Upper Chalk

Cryoturbated Upper Chalk is a dichotomous porous medium wherein the intra‐fragment porosity provides water storage and the inter‐fragment porosity provides potential pathways for relatively rapid flow near saturation. Chloride tracer movement through 43 cm long and 45 cm diameter undisturbed chalk columns was studied at water application rates of 0·3, 1·0, and 1·5 cm h^?1. Microscale heterogeneity in effluent was recorded using a grid collection system consisting of 98 funnel‐shaped cells each 3·5 cm in diameter. The total porosity of the columns was 0·47 ± 0·02 m³ m^?3, approximately 13% of pores were ≥ 15 µm diameter, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity was 12·66 ± 1·31 m day^?1. Although the column remained unsaturated during the leaching even at all application rates, proportionate flow through macropores increased as the application rate decreased. The number of dry cells (with 0 ml of effluent) increased as application rate decreased. Half of the leachate was collected from 15, 19 and 22 cells at 0·3, 1·0, 1·5 cm h^?1 application rates respectively. Similar breakthrough curves (BTCs) were obtained at all three application rates when plotted as a function of cumulative drainage, but they were distinctly different when plotted as a function of time. The BTCs indicate that the columns have similar drainage requirement irrespective of application rates, as the rise to the maxima (C/C_o) is almost similar. However, the time required to achieve that leaching requirement varies with application rates, and residence time was less in the case of a higher application rate. A two‐region convection–dispersion model was used to describe the BTCs and fitted well (r² = 0·97–0·99). There was a linear relationship between dispersion coefficient and pore water velocity (correlation coefficient r = 0·95). The results demonstrate the microscale heterogeneity of hydrodynamic properties in the Upper Chalk. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

增强现实技术在虚拟矿山场馆建设中的应用研究

受地形、气候等因素影响,游客常常难以深入到矿山公园中进行游览参观。本文研究一种基于增强现实技术的虚拟矿山公园场馆旅游建设方案,使用高精度三维激光仪器,对矿区典型景区进行三维建模,据此生成3D微缩景观模型,并在该缩微景观模型的基础上开发出增强现实导览系统。游客使用手机扫描模型标签时,自动激活增强现实解说系统,可增强游览时的体验性、交互性和趣味性。该技术在景区模拟讲解、博物馆游览、旅游会展、旅游景区营销、休闲房产营销、高尔夫会所营销、旅游规划等方面也有着巨大的应用前景。     

云高自动化观测对比试验与数据分析

利用2011年12月至2012年6月北京观象台云高自动观测仪器对比试验数据,以微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)为参考、结合人工目测,对3台激光云高仪观测数据进行分析评价。分析2种天气条件(高能见度、低能见度)下漏判情况、误判情况和云高准确性3个方面;同时评价了激光云高仪对几种典型云属的探测能力。结果表明,激光云高仪与MPL一致性较好,大气中的雾、霾等气溶胶粒子是造成其测量不准确的主要原因,可通过提高激光发射单脉冲能量、优化光学系统来提高激光云高仪探测能力。     

MEMS POS系统在海岛礁测图中的精度验证

针对我国海岛礁精确基础地理信息空白的现状,开展了基于轻小型无人机微机电(MEMS)POS辅助航空摄影测量系统的集成、安装、测试及南海某岛礁1∶2 000高精度测图精度验证实验,结果表明使用轻小型无人机MEMS POS辅助航空摄影测量系统无控制时难以达到高精度测图的精度要求,在加入少量控制点时,可以明显地提高测图精度。在此基础上给出基于轻小型无人机MEMS POS辅助航空摄影测量技术在远海岛礁高精度测图中的合理性建议。     

辽河断陷源内油气资源潜力分析

辽河油田经过50余年以寻找圈闭为主的源外油气勘探开发,取得了丰富的成果。1986年突破年产原油10.0 Mt大关,成为中国第三大油田。进入21世纪以来,油田产量逐年下降,稳产难度越来越大。为了确保油田持续稳定发展,积极拓展勘探视野,寻找新的后备勘探领域,提出了油田发展的巨大潜在资源——源内油气资源的勘探新思路。可望带来新一轮油气储量和产量增长高峰。源内油气资源是相对于源外油气资源的概念而提出的。源内油气资源就是滞留在烃源岩中尚未排出或难于排出的油气资源。在长期的源外石油勘探工作中,摸索、总结了一套具有指导意义的石油地质理论和较成熟的勘探、开发技术系列,有效地勘探开发了地下的油气资源。源内石油勘探,是对油田发展和国家能源战略安全的前瞻性思考。但这是一个难度较大、常人难以理解的新领域和新观念!特别是面对目前世界原油价格不断下滑的困难局面,更增加了工作的难度。如能突破对这种新观念的种种束缚和来自方方面面的阻力,积极组织研究源内油气资源的富集和分布规律,开展相应的勘探开发技术攻关,将会带来新一轮油气资源量和储量增长高峰。对油田发展和国家能源战略安全具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

致密砂岩储层与常规砂岩储层成藏动力学特征的差异性:以松辽盆地北部三肇地区扶余油层砂岩储层为例

为了研究三肇地区扶余油层砂岩储层特征,采用三维CT扫描技术和恒速压汞技术,对储层微观孔喉结构特征进行表征。结果表明,常规砂岩储层的孔喉大量发育,连通性好,为微米级孔喉。致密砂岩储层孔喉非均质性强,孤立零散分布,连通性差,以纳米级孔喉为主。微观孔喉特征的差异决定了油气充注、运移、聚集及渗流机理等成藏动力学特征具有差异性。通过对该区扶余油层砂岩储层的高压压汞实验、浮力与毛细管阻力公式计算及岩芯流动实验进行分析,认为油气在常规砂岩储层中初次运移动力是超压,二次运移及聚集的主要动力是浮力,油气以侧向运移为主,断层和砂体的匹配是主要的运移通道,流体流动状态呈达西渗流规律;油气在致密砂岩储层中运移动力为超压,油气以垂向运移为主,流体呈低速非达西渗流现象,以活塞-推挤的方式聚集。由于常规和致密油藏成藏动力学特征的差异,决定了油藏地质特征及分布的差异。三肇地区常规油藏主要是远距离、构造高部位聚集,上油下水规律明显,受构造控制;致密油藏主要是近距离、源下聚集,"甜点区"富集,圈闭边界不明显。     

农用土地环境质量的全要素整合评价

把影响农用土地环境质量的所有环境要素综合起来,分解量化指标,重建评价体系,提出宏观指标分等、微观指标定级的新观点,并就县市级农用土地环境质量进行全要素整合评价和等级评定进行了探讨。结果表明,保证评价精度和把握等级评定的关键步骤是正确选择和划分评价单元;土地农业综合生产能力和清洁度指标是农用土地环境质量的综合反映和集中体现,是所有被整合调查要素和评价因素中最重要的两个刚性指标,在评价中必须加大权重;全要素整合评价可以弥补农业或土地部门多指标评价的不足,能够比较全面和客观地反映农用土地环境质量状况。农用土地环境质量的全要素整合评价为新一轮土地利用规划修编、基本农田保护区准确划定、农用土地分等定级和建设用地的区划调整以及土地基准定价能提供有力技术支持。