Distribution and partitioning of major and trace elements in pyrite-bearing sediments of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

The formation of iron sulphide minerals exerts significant control on the behaviour of trace elements in sediments. In this study, three short sediment cores, retrieved from the remote Antinioti lagoon (N. Kerkyra Island, NW Greece), are investigated concerning the solid phase composition, distribution, and partitioning of major (Al, Fe) and trace elements (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn). According to ²¹⁰Pb, the sediments sampled correspond to depositions of the last 120 years. The high amounts of organic carbon (4.1–27.5%) result in the formation of Fe sulphides, predominantly pyrite, already at the surface sediment layers. Pyrite morphologies include monocrystals, polyframboids, and complex FeS–FeS₂ aggregates. According to synchrotron-generated micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra, authigenically formed, Mn-containing, Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (goethite type) co-exist with pyrite in the sediments studied. Microscopic techniques evidence the formation of galena, sphalerite and CuS, whereas sequential extractions show that carbonates are important hosts for Mn, Cd, and Zn. However, significant percentages of non-lattice held elements are bound to Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides that resist reductive dissolution (on average 60% of Pb, 46% of Cd, 43% of Zn and 9% of Cu). The partitioning pattern changes drastically in the deeper part of the core that is influenced by freshwater inputs. In these sediments, the post-depositional pyritization mechanism, illustrated by overgrowths of Fe monosulphides on pre-existing pyrite grains, results in relatively high degree of pyritization that reaches 49% for Cd, 66% for Cu, 32% for Zn and 7% for Pb.     

铁屑微电解法深度处理医院废水

用铁屑微电池原理深度处理了医院废水 ,分析了废水pH、铁屑用量、反应时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明 ,最佳的反应条件为 :废水进水pH为 3.5 ,铁屑用量为 12 .5 % ,常温反应 80min。     

临潼-蒲城数字微波时间传输系统建设及初步结果

中国科学院国家授时中心的临潼--蒲城微波时间传输系统承担着守时基准钟房(临潼)与发播控制钟房(蒲城)之间的时间同步比对任务.截至2006年底,该系统已经连续工作了28年,由于设备老化等原因,系统的可靠性和性能指标严重下降.概括介绍了微波时间传输系统的技术改造方案和数字微波系统实现的功能,初步结果表明改造后的微波时间传输系统的性能得到了提高.     

一种人群疏散模型的改进及轻量实现

针对传统人群疏散模拟中基于多智能体模型不能准确表达人群躲避行为和缺少轻量级实现形式的问题,该文提出了一种改进的BOIDS模型躲避规则算法并实现基于WEB形式的人群疏散模拟。先用线球相交方法设置智能体的定义区域;再用球球相交方法计算智能体与障碍物间的距离;最后实现了智能体躲避障碍物行为,并实现针对具体疏散区域空间特征的人群疏散模拟轻量级表示。实验结果表明:改进算法能够准确地表达智能体躲避障碍物时的行为习性,研究成果可为相关管理者进行应急疏散指挥工作的开展提供信息化服务。     

陕西地区小微震震源机制研究

小微震事件的震源机制是区域应力场及诸多地球动力学研究的基础资料。陕西地区为多个地震带的交汇区,近些年积累了丰富的小微震波形资料。运用新近发展的适用于求解小微震震源机制的广义极性振幅技术(GPAT),结合陕西2015地壳速度模型,求解陕西测震台网2011年4月至2015年12月间记录的121次ML1.5~3.5事件的震源机制。反演结果表明:(1)以上事件的震源机制大部分为走滑及正断类型,其比例占64.5%;逆断型机制占22.3%。(2)反演震源机制得到的震源深度与定位深度具有良好的一致性;矩震级与近震震级间存在差别,且这种差别随事件的变小而增大。(3)对比渭河断陷带相关研究成果,验证了该区域震源机制以正断型为主,具有拉张应力状态。     

安徽寿县丁家孤堆遗址自然变形遗迹的发现及特征初探

古遗址、古墓地发掘过程中自然变形现象的识别研究是反演或充实最新构造变形历史记录的重要工作。地震部门会同文物考古部门对安徽寿县丁家孤堆遗址文化层进行宏、微观研究,发现了自然变形痕迹,其主要表现为文化层被砂脉穿切,初步研究显示为地震液化遗迹,发生时代处于龙山晚期至西周时期。研究有助于推动中国东部文化层中地震遗迹的识别。     

A study on relation between acoustic emission and characteristic displacement field on the sample with multi en echelon structures — The theoretic and experimental explorations of strain gap

Based on the phenomena that the deformation gap was observed before the great Tangshang earthquake, this paper discusses the strain gap according to test and theory. The (strain) patterns were recorded photographically by realtime holographic interferometry and shadow optical method of caustics, as soon as the loading process started. In the meantime, the AE (acoustic emission) signals were recorded by a micro crack information storage-analysis system. According to damage theory and location of micro fracture, we have studied the stain gap and gained: a) It is necessary that strain gap appears under the condition of linear elasticity theory, and its situation is relatively stable, corresponding to stress concentration. b) Micro fractures, which appear initially at area of high stress, occur rarely at the strain gap, and their locations are finally in the zone between the stress concentration area and the strain gap, which indicate the clusters or groups. However, the major macro fracture (final rupture) started from the shadow areas, and then grew quickly towards the strain gaps, which resulted in failure of sample. Foundation item: The Dual Project of China Seismological Bureau (9691309020301), the Specialized Funds for National Key Basic Study (G1998040704), the project for the MOST under contract (2001BA601B02) and Youth Funds for applied basic study of the Science and Technology Bureau of Yunnan Province (98D019Q).     

An experimental study on microscopic characteristics of gas-bearing sediments under different gas reservoir pressures

Gas-bearing sediments are widely distributed in five continents all over the world. Most of the gases exist in the soil skeleton in the form of discrete large bubbles. The existence of gas-phase may increase or decrease the strength of the soil skeleton. So far, bubbles’ structural morphology and evolution characteristics in soil skeleton lack research, and the influence of different gas reservoir pressures on bubbles are still unclear. The micro characteristics of bubbles in the same sediment sample were studied using an industrial CT scanning test system to solve these problems. Using the image processing software, the micro variation characteristics of gas-bearing sediments in gas reservoir pressure change are obtained. The results show that the number and volume of bubbles in different equivalent radius ranges will change regularly under different gas reservoir pressure. With the increase of gas reservoir pressure, the number and volume of tiny bubbles decrease. In contrast, the number and volume of large bubbles increase, and the gas content in different positions increases and occupies a dominant position, driving the reduction of pore water and soil skeleton movement.     

Assessment of micro‐aggregation using laser diffractometry

In order to evaluate the influence of the measuring technique on the determination of (micro‐)aggregation in soil and sediment samples, results of grain size distributions of undispersed silty soil samples obtained by the sieve‐pipette method are compared with those obtained using a laser diffraction grain size analyser, the Coulter LS‐100. Reduced major axis relationships are calculated which may be used to convert Coulter LS‐100 results to those obtained by the sieve‐pipette method. The relationships obtained are very similar to the reduced major axis relationships established for dispersed silty soil samples. The results also show that the Coulter LS measurements have a systematic bias compared to the sieve‐pipette data. This implies that, if the percentage of (micro‐)aggregation is determined, the (interpretation of the) results will be strongly dependent on the measurement technique used. Using the calibration relationships that were established, nomographs can be developed to predict the level of sieve‐pipette (micro‐) aggregation from Coulter LS‐100 data. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用于颗粒土微观力学行为试验的微型三轴试验仪

颗粒土的微观力学行为（如土颗粒的运动与破碎等）决定着其宏观应力-应变行为,如应变局部化、应力硬化等。为研究颗粒土的微观力学行为,开发了一台微型三轴试验装置。它的轴向加载系统由伺服控制的步进转动马达与涡轮传动的减速器组成,围压由GDS压力控制器提供,压力室采用高透光率,高强度的轻质材料制成。借助于X射线显微CT及图像处理分析技术,该装置能实现对干砂土微尺寸试样（直径为8 mm,高度为16 mm）在三轴剪切条件下微观特性的无损检测。采用该三轴试验装置对粒径为0.60～1.18 mm 的LBS（Leighton Buzzard sand）试样在1.5 MPa的围压下进行了试验。结果显示,试验装置测得应力-应变曲线合理,显微CT 图像特征清晰,能够用于颗粒土体微观土力学行为的试验研究。