Strong ground motion prediction using macro–micro analysis method

The authors propose a new analysis method, called the macro–micro analysis method (MMAM) in a companion paper. (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn., this issue) for strong motion prediction with higher resolution and accuracy. The MMAM takes advantage of the bounding medium theory to obtain optimistic and pessimistic estimates of the expected strong motion and the singular perturbation expansion that leads to an efficient multi‐scale analysis. The results of the numerical simulation with the MMAM are given as the sum of waves of low resolution covering the whole city and waves of high resolution for each part of the city. While the huge computation amount is reduced by the MMAM, the computation amount is huge still. For resolving this problem, this paper applies the finite element method with voxel element to numerical simulation tools after some numerical verification. To reproduce complicated material properties of surface soft deposits, fundamental hysteresis attenuation is implemented in the three‐dimensional simulation code. The proposed method is verified by carrying out the strong motion prediction with MMAM and comparing with measured data. In addition, the effect of three‐dimensional soil–structure and frequency component on the maximum velocity distribution, which is simulated by proposed method with high spatial resolution, is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Macro–micro analysis method for wave propagation in stochastic media

This paper presents a new analysis method, called macro–micro analysis method (MMAM) for numerical simulation of wave propagation in stochastic media, which could be used to predict distribution of earthquake strong motion with high accuracy and spatial resolution. This MMAM takes advantage of the bounding medium theory (BMT) and the singular perturbation expansion (SPE). BMT can resolve uncertainty of soil and crust structures by obtaining optimistic and pessimistic estimates of expected strong motion distribution. SPE leads to efficient multi‐scale analysis for reducing a huge amount of computation. The MMAM solution is given as the sum of waves of low resolution covering a whole city and waves of high resolution for each city portion. This paper presents BMT and SPE along with the formulation of MMAM for wave propagation in three‐dimensional elastic media. Application examples are presented to verify the validity of the MMAM and demonstrate potential usefulness of this approach. In a companion paper (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn., this issue) application examples of earthquake strong motion prediction are also presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应力加载作用引起地下水微温度场变化的研究综述

在地震地下流体动态观测中,水温对地震活动的响应非常敏感,井水温度微动态观测越来越受到有关学者的关注。本文收集了相关资料,以引起水温变化的水动力学机制为基础,从应力加载作用下渗流场的变化、渗流场变化引起地下水温度变化以及裂隙介质热量运移三个方面分别阐述了前人研究成果,旨在理清“含水层受力变形→井-含水层系统内水流变化→井水温度变化”的理论模式,探讨应力加载作用引起地下水微温度场变化的理论基础和技术途径。对这一领域研究成果的综合分析将有助于我们深入地研究地震孕育过程中的前兆成因机理。     

显微荧光光度术在烃源岩有机岩石学研究中的应用

在简要介绍显微荧光光度术的基础上,着重阐述其在烃源岩显微组分特征,有机质热演化,有机质类型,烃类生成与运移,以及富氢显微组分生烃机理等方面的研究进展,充分展现了其在烃源岩研究与评价中具有良好的应用价值。     

广西晚二叠世合山组沉积相分析

晚二叠世合山组总体上是在低能的浅水局限台地中沉积下来的，由于海平面下降，局限台地露出水面，发生泥炭沼泽化，堆积泥炭．根据沉积学特征、生物组合类型及岩石组合类型，在合山组中识别出４种微相类型：单粒度基底型、双粒度单模式型、双粒度双模式型、过渡类型和７种沉积相：滨岸平原沼泽－泥炭沼泽相、潮上沼泽－泥炭沼泽相、潮上相、潮间－潮上沼泽－泥炭沼泽相、潮间相、浅水潮下相、较深水潮下相．     

SQ型双频道激电仪的研制

根据双频道激电法的原理及其对观测系统的技术要求,分析了自行研制的SQ型双频道激电仪的设计依据,简介了仪器硬件构成、软件编程及仪器特点。野外实际应用结果表明仪器性能可靠,地质效果令人满意。     

全球表层系统研究的思考

1900年前后,以徐士、阿尔冈、魏格纳、李四光等为代表的先驱们从不同视角开始了对地球表层的整体性研究。20世纪人造卫星的应用和板块理论的建立,推动了全球整体观思想的发展。进入21世纪后,伴随社会全球化进程,地球整体观在科学前沿领域显示出极为重要的导向作用。在这个思想引导下的广义地球系统科学是关于地球多圈层的整体研究,但由于涉及人类生存的资源、环境、灾害问题的紧迫性,在未来10至20年内地球系统科学的优先领域之一应是整体观指导下的地球表层系统的研究,它涉及大气层、海洋、地壳、生物和人类。目前可列举出4个重大问题:(1)全球变暖引起的大范围灾害与环境变化;(2)以SARS和禽流感为代表的全球性生物病毒传播灾患;(3)影响人类生存的全球性水资源短缺;(4)导致严重损失和全球性影响的大地震的频繁发生。厄尔尼诺现象与地震的相关性,全球大地震十几年尺度的幕式活动与区域间交替变换,十几年尺度的大范围旱、涝交替变换,表明上述全球性异常变化都是地球表层系统整体性动力过程的表现。应从全球尺度研究包含气体、液体、固体的地球表层系统的微动态变化,分析它们与地、水、大气和生物各圈层之间的相互作用及物质与能量交换的关系,加深对地球表层相互联系的系统过程的理解。     

康定县三碉金矿床流体包裹体研究

探讨康定县三碉金矿床的流体包裹体特征,分析成矿流体的性质,有助于该区成矿条件的认识.通过使用显微冷热台检测该矿床流体包裹体样本的温度,得到该矿床的均一温度、冰点数据,分析其成矿物理化学条件.结果显示,样品的均一温度集中在140～320℃之间,部分样品的均一温度接近500℃;盐度w(NaCl,eqv)集中于6.79％～3...     

新型时域谱微机激电仪的研制开发

摘 要　 以测量激发极化二次场时域谱为基础‚研制开发出以单片微型计算机为中央处理单 元 （CPU） 的新型激电仪。实现了双系列激电参数提取、二次场波谱测量及全汉化菜单操作。     

3D P‐wave traveltime computation in transversely isotropic media using layer‐by‐layer wavefront marching

Subsurface rocks (e.g. shale) may induce seismic anisotropy, such as transverse isotropy. Traveltime computation is an essential component of depth imaging and tomography in transversely isotropic media. It is natural to compute the traveltime using the wavefront marching method. However, tracking the 3D wavefront is expensive, especially in anisotropic media. Besides, the wavefront marching method usually computes the traveltime using the eikonal equation. However, the anisotropic eikonal equation is highly non‐linear and it is challenging to solve. To address these issues, we present a layer‐by‐layer wavefront marching method to compute the P‐wave traveltime in 3D transversely isotropic media. To simplify the wavefront tracking, it uses the traveltime of the previous depth as the boundary condition to compute that of the next depth based on the wavefront marching. A strategy of traveltime computation is designed to guarantee the causality of wave propagation. To avoid solving the non‐linear eikonal equation, it updates traveltime along the expanding wavefront by Fermat's principle. To compute the traveltime using Fermat's principle, an approximate group velocity with high accuracy in transversely isotropic media is adopted to describe the ray propagation. Numerical examples on 3D vertical transverse isotropy and tilted transverse isotropy models show that the proposed method computes the traveltime with high accuracy. It can find applications in modelling and depth migration.