On the clustering phase transition in self-gravitating N-body systems

The thermodynamic behaviour of self-gravitating N -body systems has been worked out by borrowing a standard method from molecular dynamics. The link between dynamics and thermodynamics is made in the microcanonical ensemble of statistical mechanics. Through the computation of basic thermodynamic observables and of the equation of state in the     plane, the clustering phase transition appears to be of the second-order type. The dynamical–microcanonical averages are compared with their corresponding canonical ensemble averages, obtained through standard Monte Carlo computations. The latter seem to have completely lost any information about the phase transition. Finally, our results – obtained in a 'microscopic' framework – are compared with some existing theoretical predictions – obtained in a 'macroscopic' (thermodynamic) framework: qualitative and quantitative agreement is found, with an interesting exception.     

The Offset-Domain Prestack Depth Migration with Optimal Separable Approximation

The offset-domain prestack depth migration with optimal separable approximation, based on the double square root equation, is used to image complex media with large and rapid velocity variations. The method downward continues the source and the receiver wavefields simultaneously. The mixed domain algorithm with forward Fourier and inverse Fourier transform is used to construct the double square root equation wavefield extrapolation operator. This operator separates variables in the wave number domain and variables in the space domain. The phase operation is implemented in the wave number domain, whereas the time delay for lateral velocity variation is corrected in the space domain. The migration algorithm is efficient since the seismic data are not computed shot by shot. The data set test of the Marmousi model indicates that the offset-domain migration provides a satisfied seismic migration section on which complex geologic structures are imaged in media with large and rapid lateral velocity variations.     

叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用

研究了叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用。主要对一个复杂的地质模型所正演出的地震数据资料进行试验性处理,并对该试验性处理结果进行归纳分析,得出速度~深度模型的准确性决定于对偏移结果的质量以及根据地下构造选取偏移孔径的原则等定性认识和结论。通过这些认识和结论,对实际地震资料的处理有一定的指导意义。     

用油水相对渗透率确定镇泾油田长6储层的产液情况

油水相对渗透率可以精确刻划出油、水二相流体在孔喉中的流动情况,通过阿尔奇方程准确求取储层的含水饱和度,建立适合镇泾油田的束缚水饱和度计算模型,并运用"岩心刻度测井"的方法,通过回归法,用实测油、水相对渗透率曲线求取琼斯方程中的区域参数,最终建立适合本区的油水相对渗透率经验公式。结果表明,用测井数据可以进行油、水相对渗透率的计算,并且完全满足评价储集层的产液情况。由此建立的油水相对渗透率解释模型,可以进行镇泾油田长6储层的油、水层的划分,并对油、水分异不彻底的储层进行测井评价,有着重要的参考价值。     

钙钛矿结构MgSiO3的分子动力学研究——体系大小对弹性性质与状态方程的影响

本文利用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了300~3000K、0.1~100GPa条件下,MgSiO3钙钛矿大小两个体系的平衡状况和热力学性质,并将大小两个体系的模拟结果与高温高压实验结果进行比较,验证体系大小对哪些物理性质有影响以及影响有多大,为后续工作选择合适的模拟体系进行模拟研究工作提供参考。研究发现,无论在模拟的平衡过程中还是利用模拟数据对状态方程参数的拟合中,大体系的拟合结果都比小体系的计算结果接近高温高压实验结果。大体系的各项模拟结果与高温高压实验结果相比,相差均在1%左右。因此,在计算条件允许的情况下,尽量模拟较大的体系有助于得到更精确的分子动力学研究结果。     

Elastic waves along a cylindrical borehole in a poroelastic medium saturated by two immiscible fluids

The propagation of elastic waves along a cylindrical borehole filled with/without liquid and embedded in an infinite porous medium saturated by two immiscible fluids has been studied. The theory of porous media saturated by two immiscible fluids developed by Tuncay and Corapcioglu (1997) is employed. Frequency equations determining the phase velocity of axial symmetric waves are obtained. It is found that the surface waves along cylindrical borehole are dispersive. The dispersion equation of Rayleigh-type surface waves along the boundary of a poroelastic solid half-space saturated by two immiscible fluids is also obtained. Some special cases have been deduced and the dispersion curves are obtained numerically for a peculiar model. It is found that the density of fluids affects the Rayleigh mode.     

温室内作物腾发量计算与验证

以彭曼-蒙特斯方程(简称P-M)为基础,根据温室内地表净辐射的规律,推导出了计算温室内地表净辐射公式,同时引进作物冠层高度,对P-M方程中与风速有关的空气动力学项进行修正,导出了适合于计算温室条件下参考作物腾发量的P-M公式(简称P-M-修)。对不同方法的计算值进行了分析比较,并应用试验资料对P-M-修给予了验证。结果表明,P-M-修与实测值较为吻合,累计值平均误差仅为9.1%。     

青藏高原与三江并流区新构造期划分及环境演化

青藏高原隆升成为高亚洲的重要组成部分，是新生代环境演化的重要事件。青藏高原在新构造期上升阶段可划分为非高原-准平原时期和高原发育时期（包括低高原阶段、高高原阶段、世界屋脊阶段）。作为青藏高原东南部和东南缘的三江并流区，新构造时期上升阶段可划分为：地表夷平-准平原时期、高原雏形-岭／盆／谷形成时期、强烈抬升-高原形成期、高原裂解-纵向岭谷发育期等。各新构造期的构造运动的环境效应有所不同。经漫长的地质历史演进，形成独特的自然地理环境。     

空间直角坐标至大地坐标的直接严密变换

基于一元三次方程的求解，给出了空间直角坐标向大地坐标直接转换的严密计算公式，并用算例说明了其正确性。本文提出的方法完全可以替代现有的以数值迭代计算为基础的转换方法。     

基于偏微分方程的去噪方法

利用偏微分方程抑制图像噪声已经被认为是具有显著效果的图像去噪技术。在阐述图像噪声模型的基础上研究了图像去噪的偏微分方程模型,并对偏微分方程中的参数选择进行了讨论。为了保持图像的边缘信息,对经典模型参数进行了改进。实验结果表明,偏微分方程适用于图像噪声的抑制,并且可以在抑制图像噪声的同时,保持较好的边缘信息。