单程波方程偏移算子高阶辛格式

针对地震偏移算法中单程波算子中e指数项的近似，提出一种高阶辛格式算法. 与非辛格式的近似、一阶辛格式近似和两步法进行数值对比表明，文中提出的高阶辛格式具有更高的精度. 脉冲响应的计算也表明文中的近似方法具有降低频散效应和适应横向变速的能力. 用Marmousi模型验证了对复杂构造的成像的能力，实际资料计算表明本文方法适合于较大深度的稳定准确成像.     

The numerical simulation of thesource development of the Tangshan earthquake

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地震活动时序谱的涨落统计特征与地震活跃期

为寻求地震活动演化的统计判据，本文采用多项式拟合法展示地震时序谱之涨落谱，以分维函数法判断最小邻间距（NNS）分布的Poisson性，然后采用MKS无参量法判别涨落谱之统计稳定性，确定NNS分布的转变区，具体研讨了四川、云南若干震区地震活动时序谱的涨落统计分布，发现地震活跃期到来时NNS分布表现出非Poisson化的特征。进一步通过改变和调节时序数据样本集之震级下限，并逐段前推进行统计计算的方式进一步验证结果的可靠性，客观地确定了这些震区地震活动时序涨落谱统计特征的转变期，使根据该统计法判断地震活跃期的方法论渐趋完善。     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS*

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.The results show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system is essentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipative system,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that the joint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must be considered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.     

一个全球变网格多层原始方程差分模式的设计

文章设计了一个以均匀网格差分模式为基础的全球变网格多层原始方程差分模式。还证明了如果前者满足了一定条件，从而具有质量与能量守恒性质以及与连续情况一致的动能、位能和表面位能之间的转换关系，则变网格模式也同样具有。而且，把前者改变为后者增加的运算量很小，也非常方便。     

水汽方程积分计算格式的数值试验

该文把Easter(1993)的水汽方程积分方案应用到球坐标的有限区模式（LAFS）中，并作了两组比较性试验。Easter的方案是把水汽的通量方程和连续方程联立求解。在计算中不会出现水汽负值。而且稳定性好。本文所做的两组试验表明。Easter的方案比LAFS的原方案所产生的计算性扩散小。因而降水预报更接近实况。但CPU时间增加了16%。     

地下水稳定运动基本微分方程的三维解法──地下水向承压完整井的运动

以映射和叠加原理为基础，探讨了均质、等厚承压含水层中地下水向完整井作三维运动时，地下水稳定运动基本微分方程的求解方法，并与裘布衣公式作了对比。由于求解时考虑了地下水流速的水平、垂直分量，故所得结果较裘布衣公式更为准确与合理。     

The mean and turbulence structure simulation of the monsoon trough boundary layer using a one-dimensional model withe-l ande-ε closures

An attempt has been made here to study the sensitivity of the mean and the turbulence structure of the monsoon trough boundary layer to the choice of the constants in the dissipation equation for two stations Delhi and Calcutta, using one-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer model withe-ε turbulence closure. An analytical discussion of the problems associated with the constants of the dissipation equation is presented. It is shown here that the choice of the constants in the dissipation equation is quite crucial and the turbulence structure is very sensitive to these constants. The modification of the dissipation equation adopted by earlier studies, that is, approximating the Tke generation (due to shear and buoyancy production) in theε-equation by max (shear production, shear + buoyancy production), can be avoided by a suitable choice of the constants suggested here. The observed turbulence structure is better simulated with these constants. The turbulence structure simulation with the constants recommended by Aupoixet al (1989) (which are interactive in time) for the monsoon region is shown to be qualitatively similar to the simulation obtained with the constants suggested here, thus implying that no universal constants exist to regulate dissipation rate. Simulations of the mean structure show little sensitivity to the type of the closure parameterization betweene-l ande-ε closures. However the turbulence structure simulation withe-ε. closure is far better compared to thee-l model simulations. The model simulations of temperature profiles compare quite well with the observations whenever the boundary layer is well mixed (neutral) or unstable. However the models are not able to simulate the nocturnal boundary layer (stable) temperature profiles. Moisture profiles are simulated reasonably better. With one-dimensional models, capturing observed wind variations is not up to the mark.     

锚喷材料经时蠕变损伤本构方程

从以应力，湿度，温度和损伤诸函数的时间积分表示和自由能涵函出发，根据非平衡热力学定律，同时考虑了喷射混凝土老化效应及骨料因素，给出了锚喷材料损伤蠕变本构方程和损伤演化方程，养护时间及蠕变有效作用应力的定义，并用实验结果验证了该理论。