华南地区小流域水污染控制规划初探

随着经济和城市化进程的快速发展，华南地区小流域水环境污染日趋严重，因此以规划的方法控制该区小流域水污染成为了一种重要的途径。从水环境污染控制规划的基本定义出发，重点分析了小流域水环境污染控制规划的一般规范及其在实施中存在的一些问题，并就这些问题提出了相应的对策，指出小流域进行水环境污染控制时必须加强环境意识，提高环境工作者素质，结合自身实际，走出一条既符合中国国情更符合华南地区小流域的水污染控制规划道路，为华南地区的持续，快速发展创造条件。     

云南省防洪空间信息系统构建

通过讨论应用地理信息系统（GIS）技术，立足现实对相关空间数据进行集成和整合处理，实现防洪空间信息的数字化、标准化，为优化防汛指挥工作手段提供基础。系统数据库饭知不同比例尺精度的空间基础数据以满足不同目的的需求，对相关水文、防洪设施、全省洪涝风险和重点区风险图、土地利用等图件进行系统整合。系统有较强的管理功能和分析功能，可提高云南省防洪空间信息的共享度和系统有效管理，为政府统一组织和指挥抗洪救灾提供重要的辅助决策支持手段。     

Inferring erosional resistance of bedrock units in the east Tennessee mountains from digital elevation data

Measures of local relief, regional relief, and slope were calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) for 50 bedrock units in the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge provinces of Tennessee. Each of these measures was normalized and the three were then averaged to produce the erosional resistance index (ERI). Bedrock units with higher ERI values include coarse clastics, intermediate clastics, and metaplutonics. Units with lower values include shales, limestones, limestones plus dolostones, and carbonates plus fine clastics. Dolostones tend to have intermediate values. The calculated ERI values were compared with subjective ratings by a geologist with decades of field experience in east Tennessee. Generally, the agreement between the two ratings was good, the most glaring exception being several shales with improbably high ERI values. These turned out to be thin units cropping out beneath very hard sandstones, allowing them to stand higher and steeper than would otherwise be possible. A systematic method for detecting such erroneously high ERI values is suggested. Inspection of a drainage map superimposed on the geology map shows that in a given area, streams tend to flow on rock units with the lowest ERI values. In addition, statistical analysis shows that bedrock units with the lowest ERI values are, on average, almost three times closer to the nearest stream and six times as likely to have streams flowing on them than are units with highest values. Further, the effect of ERI on stream location is strongest for streams with drainage areas between 1 and 30 km². Thus, small streams appear to be subject to greater lithologic control than are larger streams.     

Sand harm in Taklimakan Desert highway and sand control

Reputed as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction history, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447- km-long passage of sand sea consisting of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and complex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conducting the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways including mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress in the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretical research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encroachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectively halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently.     

松辽盆地后五家户气田沉积相特征与控气作用

本文对松辽盆地东南部后五家户气田划分出22种沉积微相,建立7种相层序,分析了扇三角洲及三角洲沉积环境对天然气成藏的控制作用。指出了扇三角洲前缘砂体和三角洲前缘砂体较为发育,沉积物源来自气田东北部和东南部两个方向。后五家户气田多为构造—岩性气藏和岩性气藏。     

陷落柱的探查与综合治理实践

介绍了桃园煤矿井下所见陷落柱的出露特征。为指导巷道施工，消除水患威胁，采取了综合勘探方法查明陷落柱的范围、高度、导水性等情况，并阐述了注浆加固综合治理陷落柱的方法。     

对中国防洪减灾问题的基本认识和建立具有中国特色的防洪减灾体系的初步设想

阐述了防洪成灾的基本认识及防洪减灾对策的发展过程，分析了中国洪水灾害分布的特征和防洪减灾基本对策的要求，探讨了建立具有中国特色的防洪成灾体系，提出了当前防洪成灾研究规划中出现的若干问题。     

川南S8滑坡体不稳定现象分析与防治

S8滑坡体后壁出露有新鲜滑动面，两侧呈双沟同源，坡体出现大量裂缝，前缘缓慢推移等，充分说明该滑坡体正处于不稳定状态。主要原因是：季节性洪水侵蚀滑坡体，前缘出现了临空面，使前缘支撑作用减弱；滑坡体内裂隙发育，裂隙水动力作用使滑动面抗滑能力降低；邻近采煤区造成的采动裂隙增加了水动力作用。该滑坡体裂隙丰富，保水性差，不利于植物生长；滑坡体边缘不断垮塌造成水土流失，沉积物淤塞下游河谷。防治措施有：在滑坡体后壁修筑排水沟，关闭邻近小煤窑，在前缘冲沟里构筑堡坎以减小水侵蚀作用；在冲沟里构筑拦砂埂，抬高沟底阻止切向侵蚀，以稳定滑坡体前缘。     

广东东坑金矿控矿条件分析

东坑金矿产于震旦系云开群中亚群，北东向吴川—四会大断裂是区内的重要控矿构造，大田顶弧形构造控制了矿床、矿点的分布，北西向韧性剪切带使金矿脉群定位；岩浆岩为成矿提供硫源外，还提供了热源和部分金质；金矿赋存于近接触带的绿片岩中，接触带为矿脉群的聚集、充填提供了空间。     

地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望

1927年美国首先发现地裂缝以来，各国学者对地裂缝的发生、发展进行了细致的研究。美国学者首先从地震研究入手，认为地裂缝的形成受构造因素影响。后逐渐加强研究地下水超采对地裂缝的影响，形成了构造与地下水开采复合成因观点。我国学者重点对汾渭地堑地裂缝成因问题进行了较系统的研究，提出几种成因机理模型，并用GIS技术建立简单的预测预报系统。文章在详细介绍国内、外对地裂缝成因机理和水文特性的研究以及预测、预报工作的同时，对今后研究趋势进行了展望。目前，地裂缝的研究正从以往的定性静态描述转向以过程为目标的精确定量动力学研究。利用相似材料模拟地裂缝的形成与发展，以非线性理论（如分形）对地裂缝系统进行定量的数学描述，建立准确的预测、预报模型（如人工神经网络模型），并与GIS相结合，建立完善的预测、预报系统，减少地裂缝灾害对环境的影响，进而对它加以利用，是今后地裂缝研究的主要方向。