全文获取类型
收费全文 | 527篇 |
免费 | 213篇 |
国内免费 | 62篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 27篇 |
大气科学 | 64篇 |
地球物理 | 447篇 |
地质学 | 148篇 |
海洋学 | 38篇 |
天文学 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 27篇 |
自然地理 | 24篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 36篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 54篇 |
2006年 | 47篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有802条查询结果,搜索用时 718 毫秒
41.
Alan P. Carr 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(3):293-296
The method described involves the use of an electro-optical distance measurer mounted on a theodolite. Observations are taken onto a series of acrylic reflectors, aligned at right angles to the line of sight, and slope distances and vertical and horizontal angles are recorded. From these data it is possible to obtain surface heights to an accuracy of ±0·5 cm at 200 m and to avoid any direct disturbance of the site under investigation. 相似文献
42.
Lightning optical pulse statistics from storm overflights during the Altus Cumulus Electrification Study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D.M. Mach R.J. Blakeslee J.C. Bailey W.M. Farrell R.A. Goldberg M.D. Desch J.G. Houser 《Atmospheric Research》2005,76(1-4):386
The Altus Cumulus Electrification Study (ACES) was conducted during the month of August 2002 in an area near Key West, Florida. One of the goals of this uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) study was to collect time resolved optical pulse data from thunderstorms. During the month long campaign, we acquired 5256 lightning generated optical pulses. Most of these observations were made while quite close to the top of the storms. We divided our data into two amplitude groups based on prior NASA U2 aircraft optical data and the pulse characteristics. The group of strong pulses with radiance greater than 2.1 mW m− 2 sr− 1 had mean and median 10–10% optical pulse widths of 770 and 740 μs, respectively, 50–50% pulse widths of 399 and 355 μs, respectively, and 10–90% risetimes of 292 and 260 μs. These values are very similar to the previous U2 based optical results The other group of pulses consisting of slightly more than a quarter of the total pulses observed had radiances less than the minimum values detected in the U2 study. These weak pulses were narrower than the strong pulses with 50–50% mean and median values of 199 and 160 μs, respectively. Only 12% of the flashes observed contained only weak pulses. The source of these weak pulses is unknown, but we suspect that some are artifacts of the close proximity of the aircraft to cloud top. 相似文献
43.
44.
The time-domain EM induction response of non-magnetic and magnetic targets can be approximated using a conductive permeable prism composed of six faces of conductive plates, each face being composed of a set of conductive ribbons. The effect of magnetic permeability is included by the use of two “apparent flux gathering” coefficients, and two “effective magnetic permeability” coefficients, in the axial and transverse directions. These four magnetic property coefficients are a function of physical properties and geometry of the target, but are independent of prism orientation relative to a transmitter. The approximation algorithm is computationally fast, allowing inversions for target parameters to be achieved in seconds. The model is tested on profiles acquired with a Geonics EM63 time-domain EM metal detector over a non-magnetic copper pipe target, and a steel artillery shell in horizontal and vertical orientations. Results show that this approximation to a permeable prism has a capability of fitting geometric, conductivity and magnetic parameters at both early and late sample times. The magnetic parameters show strong change from early to late times on the EMI decay curve, indicating that the magnetic properties of the target have non-linear characteristics. It is proposed that these magnetic parameters and the nature of their non-linearity may carry additional discrimination information for distinguishing between intact munitions and scrap in UXO studies. 相似文献
45.
F. Shubitidze K. O'Neill B.E. Barrowes I. Shamatava J.P. Fernndez K. Sun K.D. Paulsen 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(3-4):292-303
This paper presents an application of the normalized surface magnetic charge (NSMC) model to discriminate objects of interest, such as unexploded ordnance (UXO), from innocuous items in cases when UXO electromagnetic induction (EMI) responses are contaminated by signals from other objects. Over the entire EMI spectrum considered here (tens of Hertz up to several hundreds of kHz), the scattered magnetic field outside the object can be produced mathematically by equivalent magnetic charges. The amplitudes of these charges are determined from measurement data and normalized by the excitation field. The model takes into account the scatterer's heterogeneity and near- and far-field effects. For classification algorithms, the frequency spectrum of the total NSMC is proposed and investigated as a discriminant. The NSMC is combined with the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in a two-step inversion procedure. To illustrate the applicability of the DE–NSMC algorithm, blind test data are processed and analyzed for cases in which signals from nearby objects frequently overlap. The method was highly successful in distinguishing UXO from accompanying clutter. 相似文献
46.
47.
Makoto Uyeshima 《Surveys in Geophysics》2007,28(2-3):199-237
There are several kinds of coupling mechanisms which can convert mechanical, chemical or thermal energies due to seismic or
volcanic activities into electromagnetic energies. As a result of concentrated efforts in laboratory and theoretical research,
the basic relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic sources and changes in mechanical, chemical and thermal state
is becoming established. Also with the progress of the electromagnetic simulation techniques, it has been possible to evaluate
in situ sensitivity. Based on this progress and also due to extensive improvement in measuring techniques, many field experiments
have been performed to elucidate subsurface geophysical processes underlying the preparation stage, onset, and subsequent
healing stage of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In volcanic studies, many studies have reported the measurement of electromagnetic
signals which were successfully interpreted in terms of various driving mechanisms. Although there have been numerous reports
about the existence of precursory electromagnetic signals in seismic studies, only a few of them could be successfully explained
by the proposed mechanisms, whereas coseismic phenomena are often consistent with those mechanisms including the absence of
detectable signals. In many cases, one or two orders of higher sensitivity were required, especially for precursory signals.
Generally, electromagnetic methods are more sensitive to near-surface phenomena. It will be necessary to discriminate electromagnetic
signals due to these near-surface sources, which often possess no relationship with the crustal activities. Further efforts
to enhance in situ sensitivity through improvements in observation techniques and in data processing techniques are recommended.
At the same time, multi-disciplinary confirmation against the validity of electromagnetic phenomena will inevitably be necessary.
A Network-MT observation technique has been developed to determine large-scale deep electrical conductivity structure. In
the method, a telephone line network or purpose-built long baseline cables are utilized to measure voltage differences with
long electrode separations. Because of the averaging effect of the electric fields, static shift problems due to small-scale,
near-surface lateral heterogeneities can be alleviated. Several field experiments revealed regional scale deep electrical
conductivity structures related to slab subduction or its stagnation, which enable us to elucidate underlying physical processes
caused by the slab motion. The technique can also be applied to monitor the electric potential field related to crustal activities.
The annual variation of the potential field and electrical conductivity in the French Alps were interpreted to be caused by
the annual variation of lake water level. The method was also used to monitor the regional scale spatio-temporal variation
of the SP field and electrical conductivity before and at the onset of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 相似文献
48.
随着现代小卫星技术的不断发展成熟,利用该技术为地球观测服务将成为一件远景可观,意义深元的事情,文中针对舆型航天遥感立体测绘微小卫星的需求,结合单脉冲测角原理给出了航天遥感测绘小卫星地面站面线系统的整体分析与设计。 相似文献
49.
Modelling of space weather effects on pipelines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antti Pulkkinen Risto Pirjola David Boteler Ari Viljanen Igor Yegorov 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2001,48(4)
The interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field produces time varying currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The currents cause variations of the geomagnetic field at the surface of the earth and induce an electric field which drives currents in oil and gas pipelines and other long conductors. Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) interfere with electrical surveys of pipelines and possibly contribute to pipeline corrosion.In this paper, we introduce a general method which can be used to determine voltage and current profiles for buried pipelines, when the external geoelectric field and the geometry and electromagnetic properties of the pipeline are known. The method is based on the analogy between pipelines and transmission lines, which makes it possible to use the distributed source transmission line (DSTL) theory. The general equations derived for the current and voltage profiles are applied in special cases. A particular attention is paid to the Finnish natural gas pipeline network.This paper, related to a project about GIC in the Finnish pipeline, thus provides a tool for understanding space weather effects on pipelines. Combined with methods of calculating the geoelectric field during magnetic storms, the results are applicable to forecasting of geomagnetically induced currents and voltages on pipelines in the future. 相似文献
50.