Residual displacements of RC structures as SDOF systems

Residual displacements are sensitive to ground motion details, hence more random than peak inelastic displacements. Among the factors with systematic impact on residual displacements, the post‐yield‐stiffness‐ratio has been studied thoroughly; its effects are not investigated further. Concerning another important factor, the hysteresis law, past studies have focused on the bilinear model, which does not represent concrete structures. Residual displacements from nonlinear response‐history analyses of bilinear systems are compared to those from models tuned to concrete structures, conforming to modern codes, deficient or intermediate. Deficient‐type structures, with their narrow, almost self‐centering hysteresis loops, develop markedly smaller residual displacements than those with stable energy‐dissipating behavior. A velocity pulse in the motion increases peak inelastic and residual displacements by about the same proportion. As a fraction of the peak inelastic or spectral displacement, residual displacements are on average almost independent of the period and increase when the lateral strength ratio increases, reaching a limit at a lateral strength ratio of 2 to 5. Peak inelastic displacements are a better basis for estimation of residual displacements than spectral ones: the ratio of the two is almost independent of the period, the lateral strength ratio (beyond values of 2 to 3) and velocity pulses. The spectrum of the ratio of residual displacement to peak inelastic or spectral displacement is considered as a random process of period; its mean and variance functions, marginal probability distributions and autocorrelation functions are given in terms of the lateral strength ratio, the hysteresis model and the presence of a velocity pulse. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用周期振荡法测试超低渗储层的渗透率

渗透率是储层最重要的物性参数,也是油气开发的基础。随着页岩气、致密砂岩油气等非常规油气的开发,迫切需要开展超低渗透率（<0.1×10-3 μm2）测试,对测试方法和仪器都提出了挑战,是非常规油气开发研究的难点。目前我国石油工业中主要采用稳态法和脉冲衰减法进行超低渗透率测试,在测试精度、稳定性和测试周期方面还存在不足,探索高精度超低渗透率的方法十分重要。分析了室内渗透率测量的稳态法、脉冲衰减法和周期振荡法3种方法原理,在三轴应力下进行了岩石超低渗透率对比测量。结果表明,相比稳态法和脉冲衰减法,周期振荡法具有稳定性好、精度高、用时短的优点,建议引入非常规超低渗透储层渗透率测试。对周期振荡法的设备要求和数据处理方法进行了讨论,提出采用快速富里叶变换（FFT）、互谱法等信号处理方法提高数据信噪比,提高超低渗透率的测试精度和稳定性。     

电离层-空气层-地球介质耦合下大尺度大功率可控源电磁波响应特征研究

电离层-空气层-地球介质（我们称为“地-电离层”模式）耦合下大功率可控源电磁波的研究在国内外较少.近年来,有学者做了相关的数值模拟,但没有考虑空气中位移电流的影响.我们根据研究对象和问题建立地质模型和相应的数学模型,采用R函数法进行“地-电离层”模式水平电缆接地偶极源的电磁波场强公式推导,同时考虑电离层和空气中位移电流的影响.在验证方法可靠的前提下,进行了数值计算.探讨了“地-电离层”模式大功率可控源电磁波的响应特征.数值计算结果表明,由于电离层和空气层中位移电流的影响,“地-电离层”模式大功率可控源电磁波的特征与地球半空间可控源电磁波的特征有很大的不同,体现在前者除了有近场、远场外,还存在由于电离层影响下场强衰减变小的波导场.并随着收发距增大和频率的增高,出现了电场和磁场方向图的变化.     

地磁数据分析的一些思考

通过若干实例,本文讨论了地磁数据分析中的一些方法.这些方法包括时间序列的多项式拟合,相关性分析,频谱分析和小波分析等.在Matlab和AutoSignal软件下实现了以上方法,并基于这些方法研究了地磁场形态和地磁现象的频谱特征.我们分析了Surlari观测台（余纬45.3°,经度26.3°）的地磁时间序列,并与Ottawa（余纬44.6°,〖JP2〗经度284.5°）,Canberra（余纬125.3°,经度149.3°）, Kakioka（余纬53.8°,经度140.2°）,Vernadsky〖JP〗（余纬155.3°,经度295.7°）等台站的结果进行了对比分析,讨论了Fourier变换时间窗和小波基函数选取的影响,有限长时间序列引起的边缘效应,以及小波尺度和Fourier频率的关系等问题.我们采用谱分析和小波分析处理了2007年两个台站的地磁数据,研究了地磁场形态和地磁现象的频谱特征,并讨论了Fourier变换和小波变换的优缺点.     

A method for computing interstory drift spectra with consideration of gravity effects

Vertical loads such as gravity may have an important influence on the seismic response of buildings. In this paper, the continuous shear-beam model is extended to study the seismic demand of shear buildings with consideration of the gravity load effect under near-field ground motions. An analytical solution of the free motion equation of as gravity shear beam model is provided in terms of a Bessel series. A method for computing interstory drift spectra is proposed. The interstory drift spectra for two near-field records with distinct pulses are presented to illustrate the effects of gravity and the damping ratio. The interstory drift spectra are also used to analyze the spectral characteristics of near fault ground motion during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of the gravity load ratio, damping ratio and higher modes are investigated and discussed.     

Geoelectrical investigation of oil contaminated soils in former underground fuel base: Borne Sulinowo,NW Poland

The survey has been carried out in the area of 0.23 km² of the former military underground fuel base. The oil derivative products were observed in excavations and the laboratory tests confirmed the occurrence of hydrocarbons (>C12) in soils. The purpose of the survey was to determine the spatial extent of the contamination. The studied area is covered by postglacial sediments: sands, gravels and till. The first water table was observed at a depth of 10–12 m. The detailed electromagnetic measurements with Geonics EM31-MK2 conductivity meter were performed in the whole area of the former fuel base. Obtained results were elaborated statistically and the map of apparent electrical conductivity to a depth of 6 m was created. Many local low conductivity anomalies were observed. The measurements with Geonics EM34-3XL were performed along one A–A′ profile and 1D electromagnetic modelling along with this profile was calculated to obtain the electrical conductivity cross-section to a depth of 30 m. Two-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging measurements were carried out along the same profile and the resistivity cross-section to a depth of 20 m was performed. Both conducivity and resistivity cross-sections show anomalous zones. The zones correlate with oil contaminated zones very well.     

温度各向异性电子束流和电子环束流引起的电磁辐射特征

利用一维三分量完全电磁粒子模拟方法研究了由温度各向异性电子束流和电于环束流引起电磁辐射特征,结果表明它们都能激发高频宽带电磁不稳定性,其中环束流不稳定性（RBI）的非线性饱和水平比温度各向异性束流不稳定性（TABI）强,对RBI波在系统发展的线性增长阶段呈右旋极化,在非线性饱和阶段则主要呈左旋极化,而对TABI波在系统发展的整个阶段均享右旋极化．这些结果可应用于磁化星磁层射电暴的解释中．     

轴对称有耗介质电磁问题的时域有限元方法

从Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ方程出发推导出非均匀介质中含时间的Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ能量泛函的弱化公式,然后应用线性插值原理得到普通的二阶常微分方程。采用中心差分离散,并引入一个比例因子　,分离时间与空间变量,得到了随时间步长变化的递推迭代公式,从而将差分与有限元方法相结合,并对非均匀介质中时域有限元的稳定性进行了讨论,给出了其稳定性条件。在均匀无耗介质和有耗介质中,用单匝磁偶极天线的瞬态响应的时域有限元数值计算分别与现有文献作了比较,给出轴对称非均匀介质中有井眼的瞬态测井响应。     

垂直和平行于断层方向的脉冲参数特性分析

如何实现速度脉冲参数化并对其参数进行特性分析是一个值得深究的问题.从NGA-West2强震动数据库选取126组近断层脉冲型地震动记录,采用速度脉冲模型,基于最小二乘法拟合得到水平分量的速度脉冲模型特征参数,研究震级、断层距、场地类别对脉冲参数的影响,并对比垂直和平行断层分量脉冲参数的特性差异.结果表明:垂直断层分量的脉...     

窄带与脉冲干扰对卫星导航信号载噪比的影响

现代电磁环境日趋复杂,导航接收机受到各式各样干扰的风险越来越高,窄带干扰和脉冲干扰就是对卫星导航信号常见的压制干扰手段.不同的干扰信号具有不同的时频域特征,对卫星导航信号造成的影响也有很大差异,这种影响主要体现在信号的载噪比和误码率等方面.针对目前国内脉冲干扰的性能研究不足的现状,通过对比窄带干扰性能评估方法提出了适应...