CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE PULSES OF RADIATED FIELDS FROM CLOUD FLASH DISCHARGES

Observations show that the sequences of microsecond-scale pulses are produced in cloud flashdischarge processes.In the present work we report on measurements of larger bipolar pulses(LBP)of the radiation fields which are classified into four types according to their waveshapes andpolarities of initial peak.Either positive or negative pulse contains two kinds of waveshapes:onewith a smooth rise and the other with 2 or 3 fast-rising pulse superimposed on the initial half cycle.The pulse waveshape characteristics in both time and frequency domains are as follows.Among2908 samples there are 45% of the positive polarity and 55% of the negative polarity.The positivepulses tend to have distinctly smaller values than negative pulses in rise time,half width and zero-crossing time of the initial peak.The peaks of positive pulse spectra tend to occur at a higherfrequency than those of negative pulses.Despite differences above,positive and negative pulseshave a similar total duration.     

纳秒级脉冲信号的波形预测与重构

带宽不够、波形易失真是纳秒级脉冲信号测量中存在的主要问题.以测量系统的方波标定数据为标准建立测量系统的差分方程和卷积两种模型,并分别运用于实际试验的双指数脉冲信号的波形预测和重构中,对比两种模型的信号处理结果发现,卷积模型比差分方程模型更适用于纳秒级脉冲信号的波形预测和重构.     

我国西部冬季扰动源涡与东部夏季雨带分布

我国西部 (85°10 5°E)冬季“扰动源涡”的位置对夏季东部雨带的配置具有支配作用。当西部“源涡”位于 35°N以北时 ,东部雨带多出现在黄河流域及其以北 (Ⅰ类雨型 ) ;源涡位于 32°35°N之间时 ,夏季雨带多出现在淮河流域 (Ⅱ类雨型 ) ;当源涡位于 32°N以南时 ,雨带多出现在长江流域或江南 (Ⅲ类雨型 )。藏东南热点区冬季的中强地热脉冲对我国夏季江淮和川黔的大水具有很强的指示作用     

计算全三维电磁测井响应的有限元程序(英文)

同时考虑电导率和位移电流的影响 ,导出了基于A -Φ的一个新泛函表达式 ,并开发了能在宽频段内模拟电磁测井响应的三维有限元程序。计算了水平磁偶线圈和垂直磁偶线圈的场分布 ,也给出了倾斜井中感应测井的响应 ,最后分析了线圈半径和各向异性的影响     

瞬变电磁法在富盛铅锌矿上的应用

简要介绍了瞬变电磁法原理和特点、WDC－2B型瞬变电磁勘探系统及其野外工作方法。在充分考虑富盛铅锌矿地质矿产和物性特征的基础上，重点应用重叠回线装置，研究已知矿体上方的瞬变电磁响应特征及其与地质矿产的联系，提出了在富盛铅锌矿地质物性条件下，瞬变电磁响应模式为“上凹下凸”，同时对矿区外围发现的瞬变电磁响应异常，结合矿区的地质物性资料进行了初步解释。     

岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究

本文提出了岩石破裂时的电磁辐射是裂纹尖端电荷随着裂纹加速扩展运动所产生的假说.应用断裂力学方法推导了岩石破裂时初始裂纹长度与裂纹扩展加速度的关系,并计算了其速度和加速度值.根据破裂岩石的电子发射理论,解释了裂纹尖端带电荷的现象.利用岩石在单轴压缩致裂过程中记录到的近场电磁辐射的实验结果,计算了裂纹扩展时裂纹尖端的电荷量和远场电磁辐射强度.通过对电磁辐射波谱分析的研究,得到岩石破裂时电磁辐射频率上限的估计值.最后对岩石破裂时出现的声光电磁现象在理论上作了统一的定性的解释.     

导体边缘附近虚感应矢量性质的数值模型研究

本文用E极化的二维有限元法和有限差分法研究导体层边缘附近的虚感应矢量.首先,研究有一定埋深的导体--围岩界面处的情况,其中包括虚感应矢量的频率响应.其次,研究了海岸效应的虚感应矢量的频率响应.在海岸效应中不仅考虑了不同海水层厚度的影响,还考虑了海水与陆地的电导率比值大小对虚感应矢量的影响.最后,研究了被动陆缘（passive continental margin）处的海岸效应,检查磁感应矢量的测量是否能揭示海岸下面深部电导率的横向变化（即与岩石层厚度变化有关联的电导率变化）.     

电磁法在工程地质勘察中的应用

本文采用有场源电磁法勘探粤东沿海广(州)深(圳)珠(海)及深(圳)汕(头)南线等高速公路工程,勘探使用美国GDP—12及加拿大EM—37电磁数据采集系统。文章论述了时间域与频率域的多种电磁法装置在桥梁、互通、遂道及软土公路工程中的地磁物理应用前提及它们的应用环境、工作效率、勘探深度等,低阻覆盖下的地质分层及断层产状性质等问题是本文探讨要点。文中例举了多种装置的电磁异常场剖面图及其曲线形态:对磨刀门桥址西江断裂的电磁异常剖面曲线形态、特征作了构造地质解释,认为该断裂系由两条主干断层组成的蠕滑断层组。上述工程地质解释结论已作为工程勘察设计依据。有的电磁异常已被工程地震及钻探证实。     

Magnetometer array studies in India: Present status,data interpretation and assessment of numerical modelling results

Significant results from several array of magnetometers deployed in India to probe deep geoelectrical structures of the crust and the upper mantle are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is on critical appraisal of earlier results so that the article summarizes what has been done so far and what caution is to be taken on future work. Two large-scale arrays over northwest and peninsular India during 1979–80, have been followed up with six more linear or two-dimensional arrays over different parts of the country. “Trans-Himalayan” conductor aligned along the strike of Aravalli range, delineated by arrays over northwest India, essentially represents one of the major continental induction anomalies mapped by electromagnetic methods. Efforts for quantifying the induction effects through numerical models are shown to be constrained due to the large inter-station spacing, lack of information on the regional background conductivity distribution and the non-inclusion of the frequency dependence of induction effects. A more comprehensive modelling, not biased by these factors, enables approximating the Trans-Himalayan conductor as an asymmetric domal upwarp in the middle and lower crust located between Delhi-Hardwar ridge and Moradabad fault. Numerical modelling results for southern peninsular, despite the constraints, indicate that the strong and complex induction pattern can be adequately attributed to the combination of conductors connected with triple junction between Indo-Ceylon Graben, Comorin ridge and the west coast rifting. Induction features derived from the Valsad array, operated over basalt-covered region of western India, demarcate an enhanced conducting zone beneath Plume-associated triple junction in the Gulf of Cambay, apart from characterizing the presently active seismic zone as a resistive block.     

成都一次脉冲风暴特征及成因分析

利用多普勒天气雷达观测资料、风廓线仪资料、加密自动气象站资料、常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2014年7月23日16:00在成都城区发生的一次局地强对流过程进行了分析。结果表明:晴空太阳辐射增温和低层偏南气流的暖湿水汽输送使得成都附近大气具备对流发展的能量和水汽条件;地面暖平流及成都城市热岛效应,使得成都城区低层抬升作用增强;在弱的垂直风切变环境中,南下阵风锋与成都城区西北部地面中尺度热中心和中尺度辐合线相遇,激发出脉冲风暴并迅速发展,进而产生局地强对流天气;多普勒天气雷达资料显示脉冲风暴强盛时期具有悬垂回波、有界弱回波区、中层径向辐合等强风暴的特征。