电磁辐射对台湾强震的反应

本文通过对 1 999年 9月 2 1日台湾南投 7 6级强震前电磁辐射变化特征的分析 ,进一步探讨了电磁辐射在短临预报中的作用 ,同时给出了初步判断震中位置的方法     

Sources of anomalous transient electric signals (ATESs) in the ULF band in the Lamia region (central Greece): electrochemical mechanisms for their generation

Anomalous transient electric signals (ATESs) in the ultra low frequency (ULF) band have been often observed during magnetotelluric (MT) investigations [Nature 319 (1986) 310; Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 114 (1999) 141; Geophys. J. Int. 142 (2000) 948], but their origin was unknown until now. They have the same characteristics as the so-called seismic electric signals (SES) claimed to be earthquake precursors by the VAN group (e.g. [Tectonophysics 110 (1984) 73] and later works by this group). Our analysis suggests that the so-called SES could be of anthropic origin. Following the devastating 7 September 1999 Athens earthquake, the VAN group claimed that a SES had been recorded at LAM station (Lamia, central Greece) some days prior to the main shock and that a second SES, which might correspond to an impending even larger earthquake, had been observed after the main shock. In the 2 years after the Athens main shock, no subsequent large earthquakes have occurred near Athens. We conducted a campaign of measurement in the Lamia region in May and June 2001. The results show that ATESs, which look like SES, have several different sources: pump-stations for ground-water, high power electric lines, and factories located to the SE of Lamia city. The ATESs can be generated by two electrochemical mechanisms of metallic electrode polarization: the “galvanic cell” and the “ac electrolytic cell” which are studied by simulated field experiments and discussed in detail in Appendix A. These two mechanisms can occur over a wide range of length scales in the field. Any isolation failure in buried metallic conductors, such as electrical and telecommunication networks, oil, water and gas pipes, railways, high power electric lines, factories and so on, can produce a galvanic cell or an ac electrolytic cell, or both, which could generate, under some circumstances, an “overvoltage”, the ATES. Finally, the absence of a magnetic signal has been observed during ATES and does not constitute a firm criterion for SES [Acta Geophys. Pol. 44 (1996b) 301]. Thus, great care must be taken when claiming the existence of electric precursors of seismic or volcanic events.     

Transient ULF Electric and magnetic fields of an electrical current source in a medium with continuously varying conductivity

Recent analytical studies of ULF electromagnetic fields in the atmosphere are reviewed. These fields have their origin in the discharge of thunderclouds. The problem for a vertical electrical dipole source played in an atmosphere where the conductivity increases exponentially with altitude is described. The analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field, which vary in time and space, are approximately obtained by a vector potential. It is seen that the amplitudes of the pulse decrease with both increases of the horizontal distance and the gradient of the conductivity. However, the shapes of the pulse are almost constant.On leave from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Gumma University Kiryu, 376, Japan     

On the interference between closely-spacedP arrivals recorded at seismic arrays

The arrival at the Yellowknife Array (YKA) of closely-spaced P-waves having slightly different values ofdT/d, azimuth, and amplitude has been simulated using synthetic 1 Hz wavelets. Adaptive-processing determinations of apparent slowness and azimuth show a remarkable pattern of fluctuations with time for varying separations of the interfering pulses. In the critical separation range 0.30 to 0.55 s, these fluctuations greatly exceed the differences in arrival vectors of the primary wavelets themselves. Observation of characteristic interference patterns on real array seismograms might permit the identification of triplications associated with radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle. Processed YKA seismograms for three events at distances close to 90° are presented, which, despite apparently simple P onsets illustrate the pattern of drift indT/d expected for such a triplication.Contribution from the Earth Physics Branch No. 648.     

Group theoretic reduction of the electromagnetic impedance matrix for large-contrast symmetric prisms in a layered earth

Calculation using integral equations of the electromagnetic response of a geologic body which is much more conductive than the surrounding media requires the use of both current pulse and current tube basis functions. The impedance matrices for such cases can be large and expensive to form, factor, and solve. However, if the surrounding media is layered and the scatterer is symmetric under symmetry operations which preserve the depth of transformed points, then we can apply group representation theory to drastically reduce storage and computation requirements. I discuss this application of group representation theory in detail, using the symmetry groupC ₂ for purposes of illustration. In a sample calculation for a body which is invariant under the symmetry operations of the groupC ₂ , storage was reduced by a factor of 4, matrix formation time was reduced by a factor of 2, and the sum of matrix factorization and solution times was reduced by a factor of 10.     

GPS干扰监测技术

随着GPS导航定位技术的日臻完善,其应用范围也越来越广,定位精度不断提高,GPS干扰监测和抗干扰措施一直是该领域的热门研究课题。本文从干扰信号监测和卫星信号监测两个角度研究分析了GPS干扰监测中的重要技术与实现方法。     

基于波干涉原理的套管井阵列声波处理方法及其应用

在套管井测井中,沿着钢管产生的拉伸波(即管波)在声波数据中产生很强的干扰,使得地层声速的提取十分困难.基于管波与地层声波的干涉原理,本文提出了一种声波处理方法.管波的传播特征是已知的,且管波和地层波都由同一声源激发,因此,可以用管波来改造测井声波数据.对改造后数据采用希尔伯特变换作进一步处理,得到与地层信息相关的解析信号,从该信号中即可提取出地层声速.通过对理论模拟数据的处理和现场测井数据的应用,验证了新方法的正确性和有效性.     

甘肃金昌金川镍矿SEP系统与国外仪器比对试验

地面电磁探测(SEP)系统在辽宁兴城杨家杖子矿与国外高端仪器对比试验中取得了不错效果.为了检验地面电磁探测(SEP)系统各组成部分在强干扰区中的性能及可靠性,以及由SEP系统各组成部分集成的整体系统的野外实际工作能力,继续在甘肃金川镍矿区,在强干扰背景下开展了与国外先进仪器的比对试验.利用SEP系统和国际高端著名商业仪器系统,通过不同发射机原始曲线、不同接收机原始曲线、反演剖面的对比,表明二者数据一致性较好,SEP系统的抗干扰能力已经和国际先进仪器相当,已经能够胜任各种复杂的勘探任务.     

安徽肥东形变台短水准降雨干扰特征分析

运用安徽肥东形变台短水准和降雨观测数据,分析了降雨对该台短水准日均值与月均值的干扰特征。在此基础上,根据观测场地膨胀土土体特性,探讨了降雨干扰短水准观测的问题,由于地表水下渗,致使膨胀土膨胀,对标志杆产生围压,从而影响测线高差。     

瞬变电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用综述

水是地球上最重要的天然资源,供人类需要的淡水有95％以上取自地下水,地下水在人类经济活动中发挥着重要的作用．传统的地球物理方法在地下水勘查工作中得到应用的同时,新的更先进的物探方法不断涌现．近年来,瞬变电磁法在国内外的应用得到迅速发展,在地下水勘查领域的应用也得到拓展．与其它电探方法相比,利用瞬变电磁法进行地下水勘查具有明显优势。