厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对江门市气候变化的影响

通过对江门市6个国家地面气象观测站1962—2016年近55年的降水和气温资料、1962—2016年发生的厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件,采用统计学方法进行分析,以研究厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对江门市气候的影响。结果表明:近55年来江门市的年降水量和气温都呈现波动上升的趋势;当厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件发生时对江门市的年降水量、暴雨日数都有增多的作用,但厄尔尼诺事件发生年份增大幅度较大;拉尼娜事件发生时,江门市气温总体是略偏低的;在总体气候处于暖期,厄尔尼诺事件发生时,江门市的气温是偏高的,且厄尔尼诺事件的强度越强,年平均气温偏高幅度越大。     

气候模式FIO-ESM对2015/16年厄尔尼诺的预测

Recently atmospheric and oceanic observations indicate the tropical Pacific is at the El Ni?o condition. However,it's not clear whether this El Ni?o event of this year is comparable to the very strong one of 1997/98 which brought huge influence on the whole world. In this study, based on the Ensemble Adjusted Kalman Filter(EAKF)assimilation scheme and First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model(FIO-ESM), the assimilation system is setup, which can provide reasonable initial conditions for prediction. And the hindcast results suggest the skill of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) prediction is comparable to other dynamical coupled models. Then the prediction for 2015/16 El Ni?o by using FIO-ESM is started from 1 November 2015. The ensemble results indicate that the 2015/16 El Ni?o will continue to be strong. By the end of 2015, the strongest strength is very like more than 2.0°C and the ensemble mean strength is 2.34°C, which indicates 2015/16 El Ni?o event will be very strong but slightly less than that of 1997/98 El Ni?o event(2.40°C) calculated relative a climatology based on the years1992–2014. The prediction results also suggest 2015/16 El Ni?o event will be a transition to ENSO-neutral level in the early spring(FMA) 2016, and then may transfer to La Ni?a in summer 2016.     

Bonemapping: a LiDAR processing and visualization technique in support of archaeology under the canopy

For the past decade, archaeologists have been using LiDAR or Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS)-based methods to uncover trace signatures of human civilization in the landscape. A new technique called bonemapping involves processing the ALS data to create a map-like representation of the landscape, which aids in the detection and interpretation of traces of human settlement. The technique is a combination of two methods – the Simple Morphological Filter (SMRF) for ALS processing and the Perceptually Shaded Slope Map (PSSM) for ALS representation – and is used to represent subtle changes in the terrain that are often indicative of previous human settlement. The SMRF algorithm adds value by retaining more “feature” cells than comparable terrain-finding algorithms, and is easy to tune through the use of two intuitive parameters – a slope threshold and a window size. The PSSM visualization is then used to apply a vertical exaggeration-based slope shading, which has proven useful as an aid to rapid feature detection, identification, and interpretation. The findings of two years of field use of bonemapping by archaeologists at El Pilar demonstrate the ways in which the bonemap offers a value-added perspective to archaeology under the canopy.     

江苏风能资源代表年选择的方法比较

代表年法是风能资源计算中的重要方法,而对区域风能资源代表年的选取方法不一.以江苏省为例,对区域多站点的风能资源代表年选取的两种方法--"站点最大频数法"和"区域平均法"的比较分析表明,两种方法选取的江苏省风能代表年是一致的.本文的结果可以推广到其它多站点区域的风能资源代表年的选取上,其中站点最大频数法简便易操作,适用于较少站点数条件下的代表年选取和业务性运用;区域平均法适用于稠密站点条件下的代表年选取;在样本足够大条件下,上述两种方法的计算精度能够满足风能利用的业务和研究需要,并具有足够的区域一致性和代表性.     

Transport weighted temperature and internal energy transport of the Indonesian throughflow

A 50-year record of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) was obtained using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset to calculate a timeseries of Pacific-to-Indian Ocean pressure differences, which were calibrated to transport profiles using ARLINDO (1997) and INSTANT (2004–2006) observational data. The 50 year SODA based ITF transport average is 10.4 Sv; the transport weighted temperature (TWT) is 14.6 °C and the internal energy transport (IET) is 0.53 PW. The different configurations of the ITF transport and temperature profiles result in a dissimilarity in the variability of the IET and the TWT, with the IET more closely correlated with both the depth of the 18 °C isotherm in the western equatorial Pacific and the NINO3.4 index. As with the transport, the IET increases during La Niña and decreases during El Niño. The TWT is only weakly correlated with NINO3.4, suggesting that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation signal is transmitted from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean via changes in pressure and thus in transport rather than by changes in temperature.     

The Vertical Structures of Atmospheric Temperature Anomalies Associated with El Nio Simulated by the LASG/IAP AGCM： Sensitivity to Convection Schemes

The vertical structures of atmospheric temperature anomalies associated with El Nio are simulated with a spectrum atmospheric general circulation model developed by LASG/IAP (SAMIL). Sensitivity of the model’s response to convection scheme is discussed. Two convection schemes, i.e., the revised Zhang and Macfarlane (RZM) and Tiedtke (TDK) convection schemes, are employed in two sets of AMIP-type (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) SAMIL simulations, respectively. Despite some deficiencies in the up...     

2009年全球重大天气气候事件概述

2009年,全球表面气温为有器测记录以来的第五暖年。年初,暴风雪、低温和寒潮天气席卷欧洲大部,北美频繁遭受暴风雪的袭击;中国北方出现严重秋冬连旱;澳大利亚东南部持续罕见高温;夏季,中国东部、南亚、欧洲多国、美国西海岸遭受高温热浪袭击;年内,澳大利亚、墨西哥、非洲东部持续于旱。6月,一次厄尔尼诺事件开始形成。2009年,西北太平洋和大西洋的热带气旋活动均较常年偏少。     

我国东部夏季降水百年雨型的多时间尺度变化特征研究

本文用1900-1950年的我国实测的与内插的降水、气温资料，结合近代先进的统计方法对立了1900-1950年我国东部夏季降水雨型序列，并将其与已有的近48年（1951-1998年）的夏季雨型序列相衔接，进而研究了近百年我国夏季雨带的演变规律及其与ENSO的关系，此外，还研究了百年夏季雨型与大气活动中心在基本态时间尺度上的关系，研究了北太平洋涛动和我国夏季降水的关系。     

预测10年尺度地震危险性的综合模型

本文依据信息量的定量判定方法，从分析地震地质和前兆因子与强震发生的关系出发，对各种因子所能提供的长期或１０年尺度强震危险的信息量作了估计。     

EL NINO EPISODE-RELATED NH 100 hpa CIRCULATION ANOMALY

Investigation is carried out of winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) 100 hpa teleconnection, indicating the existence of a PNA pattern whose wavetrain well resembles that at 500 hpa level. During the climax of the EI Nino episode (winter), the 100 PNA becomes strong, a fact that manifests itself more clearly than at the 500 hpa level. Moreover, study is made of the anomaly in the tropical monthly windfield and mean circulation on a seasonal basis in a range of phases of the EI Nino event. Results show that the 100 hpa geopotential height is lowered on a large scale in the spring and previous winter with the event happening as compared to a La Nina year, wherewith diagnosis is performed of the 1991/1992 EI Nino episode.