海相碳酸盐岩成岩作用与排烃特征

与泥页岩以缓慢压实为主的成岩作用不同,碳酸盐岩的成岩以胶结和交代作用为主,并在浅埋处几乎失去其所有的原生孔隙和沉积水。碳酸盐岩在埋藏条件下处于近完全封闭的压实流环境中,深埋和地温升高除形成小规模的压溶作用(如缝合线)外,其他类型的成岩作用很微弱。在进入有机质生烃的门限深度后,低丰度有机质虽可生成一定数量的烃类,但碳酸盐岩不像泥岩那样可以脱出大量压实水,烃的运移既无"载体",又无异常高压作为动力和造缝条件,烃类很难大规模运移。在其后的成岩作用中,烃类或分散于封闭的晶间孔隙中,或与矿物结合形成晶包有机质和包裹体有机质,造成碳酸盐岩含烃率常常高于泥页岩。     

勘探早—中期的沉积盆地有效烃源岩综合预测方法探讨——以北黄海某盆地为例

针对勘探程度较低的地区,提出了一套有效烃源岩的综合预测方法。其基本思路是,从钻井出发,井震结合,按由点到面、由剖面到平面的顺序分五步进行:确定有利沉积相带;确定烃源岩平面分布;划分区域沉积相分布;确定平面热演化分布;有效烃源岩分布预测。利用该方法,对北黄海某盆地侏罗系SQ1层序进行了有效烃源岩预测。     

高胎体金刚石钻头设计制造中的几个关键技术

为满足深部钻探需求,市场上出现了多种高胎体金刚石钻头。在野外钻进中,与普通金刚石钻头相比,高胎体金刚石钻头的使用寿命虽有提高,但并没有取得预期的理想效果。通过分析国内外几种高胎体金刚石钻头的优缺点,找出了影响高胎体钻头寿命的关键技术,并对这几点关键技术作了进一步的分析与研究。     

金华市风能资源分析

为了分析金华市风能资源的丰匮及其分布状况，利用2017—2020年金华市8个国家地面气象观测站和169个区域自动气象站的逐小时风向风速资料，统计分析了平均风速、有效风速时数、有效风能密度等风资源评估参数。结果表明：按照风能资源区划标准，武义大莱站和义乌站的风能资源达到可利用区的标准，而其他站点则处在风能资源贫乏区，其中，大莱距地面10 m高度的年平均有效风能密度达107.5 W/m²，有效风速时数为5 481.0 h，年主导风向为WNW，义乌的有效风能密度则为51.5 W/m²，有效风速时数2 571.3 h，年主导风向为N；义乌平均风速的日变化幅度较大，不利于其风电在并网过程中的安全稳定。     

What happens after climate change adaptation projects end: A community-based approach to ex-post assessment of adaptation projects

Over the last decade, hundreds of climate change adaptation projects have been funded and implemented. Despite the importance of these first-generation adaptation projects for establishing funders and implementors’ “best practices,” very little is known about how early adaptation projects have endured, to what ends, and for whom. In this article, I propose a community-based methodology for ex-post assessment of climate change adaptation projects. This methodology contributes to recognitional justice by asking the individuals and collectives tasked with sustaining adaptation initiatives to define adaptation success and what criteria for success should be assessed. I apply this subjective assessment approach in 10 communities across Ecuador that participated in an internationally funded adaptation project that concluded in 2015. My analysis draws together participatory mapping, walking interviews with local leaders, participant observation, and surveys with former project participants. The results highlight that even adaptation projects that were deemed highly successful at their closure have uncertain futures. I find that the sustainability mechanisms that were envisioned by project implementors have not functioned, and communities are shouldering the burden of reviving failing adaptation interventions. These findings highlight that the current model of episodic funding for climate change adaptation projects and evaluation processes needs to be revisited to acknowledge the long-term challenges faced by communities. This analysis also calls attention to the importance of ex-post assessment for adaptation projects and the potential of subjective assessment approaches for building more ontological and epistemological pluralism in understandings of successful climate change adaptation.     

北京地区地基辐射计与卫星云特性参数对比研究

利用2019年MODIS卫星数据、葵花-8卫星数据和天空辐射计观测数据分析北京城区云光学特性的时空分布特征。结果表明,北京地区的云光学厚度(Cloud optical depth,COD)和云滴有效半径(Cloud drop effective radius,CER)呈现明显的季节变化特征。北京地区COD主要分布特征为南部地区较高而北部地区较低,且夏季COD值明显高于其他季节,最高值为20左右。CER在春季和夏季呈现相反的区域分布特征,春季北京地区南低北高,夏季北京地区南高北低,而秋冬季CER明显低于春夏两季。通过将天空辐射计观测数据与卫星观测结果对比分析发现二者在COD方面一致性较高, r分别为0.69和0.66,MODIS对于CER数据的一致性较差,r值为0.053而葵花-8一致性较好r值为0.53。     

钙钛矿及类钙钛矿结构物相的若干规律性 第三部分:钾冰晶石型化合物的结晶化学规律

钾冰晶石结构的三元卤化物包括一大批三元熔盐相图的中间相 ,是功能材料的开发对象。我们用原子参数—模式识别方法建立钾冰晶石结构形成条件和晶胞常数计算的数学模型。除容许因子t外 ,阴阳离子半径比和电负性差也是决定钾冰晶石结构形成的必要条件。