The reserves of extracted resources: Historical data

The available data on known reserves of extracted resources have not previously been tabulated and graphed. In this article we compile the reserves data in one place for the first time. This serves to (1) show the trends in the reserves series, (2) make the series available to others, and (3) place the reserves data in the context of price data for which longer series have been available, and with which they can now be seen to be consistent in both showing increasing availability rather than increasing scarcity.     

中国环境经济地理的研究主题展望

全球环境变化与技术经济范式变革对“经济-环境”关系产生深刻影响,但资源环境议题自20世纪80年代以来逐渐淡出全球经济地理研究的视野。2000年以来,环境经济地理逐渐兴起并对此进行反思,但其发展仍处于混沌状态。中国经济地理学科自身的人地关系传统和国家发展的探索与实践,为环境经济地理理论与实践创造了理想条件。环境经济地理并非全新的领域,其可从经济地理理论出发拓展对“经济-环境”关系的认识,据此提出3组研究主题：① 重新认识经济活动的区位,理解变化中的资源环境如何作用于传统与新兴经济活动;② 建立对不同地理尺度下要素流动和主体互动的认知,理解资源环境风险如何在各类关系网络中传递,又将如何重塑各类关系网络;③ 考察多主体在多区域之间、多层级制度背景下的相互作用,理解绿色创新与转型的过程,实现对“经济-环境”关系在不同发展场景下协同演化的认识。     

投影寻踪模型在地下水水质评价中的应用

文中分析了常用的水体质量评价模型的缺陷,提出了基于序列二次规划算法SQP(Sequential quadratic programming)的投影寻踪评价模型,并利用多项式插值的方法进行水质分类,取得了符合客观实际的评价结果.某水源地地下水质量评价结果表明:用投影寻踪方法可以揭示高维数据的结构特征;所建立的评价模型不仅简单、直观和易于理解,而且结果合理.为水源地的保护和合理利用提供了决策依据.     

长江经济带城乡居民福祉测度及其差异

通过构建城乡居民客观发展指数、主观幸福感指数和福祉差异系数,分析了2005-2015年长江经济带城镇、乡村居民福祉水平及其差距的动态变化过程和空间差异,探讨其影响因素与作用机制.结果表明:1)长江经济带及各省城乡居民福祉均呈上升趋势,区域城镇和乡村居民福祉指数分别由2005年的0.6653、0.5704提高至2015年...     

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤有机碳储量及固碳潜力分析

土壤碳储量研究在碳循环和全球变化中具有重要意义,但以往碳储量计算结果受到数据来源的制约。山东省多目标区域地球化学调查采用双层网格化采样和分析,获取了大密度、高精度土壤有机碳数据,为土壤碳库的准确计算奠定了基础。笔者利用这些数据计算了山东半岛蓝色经济区表层（0～20 cm）、中上层（0～100 cm）及全层（0～160 cm）的土壤有机碳（SOC）密度和储量,并对其空间分布特征及固碳潜力进行了研究。结果显示,经济区内3种土壤层次的碳库组成不同,表层SOC储量占总碳（TC）储量的71.67%,随深度增加所占比例逐渐减小,而无机碳(SIC)储量所占比例逐渐增加,全层二者所占比率较为接近:表层SOC储量为132.64 Mt,碳密度为2.06 kg/m²;中上层为458.27 Mt,碳密度为7.11 kg/m²;全层为619.96 Mt,碳密度为9.61 kg/m²。各层SOC密度处于全国偏低水平,且在不同土壤类型、地貌类型、土地利用类型之间有一定差异:褐土土表层SOC密度最高（2.48 kg/m²）,风沙土最低（0.91 kg/m²）;灌溉水田表层SOC密度最高（3.45 kg/m²）,菜地最低（1.61 kg/m²）。表层SOC密度分布总体上呈现为沿海地区低、鲁北平原和胶莱盆地中等、山地丘陵和中低山区偏高的分布格局。从第二次土壤普查和本次多目标调查数据所建立的回归方程分析发现,在今后一定时期内,本区表层土壤总体表现为“碳汇”效应,未来可净增总有机碳（TOC）量60.94 Mt,其中“碳源”量5.07 Mt,“碳汇”量65.97 Mt。     

等角投影理论和方法综述

等角投影比其它性质投影之研究更为深刻，应用也最为广泛。本文对等角投影的历史发展作了简单回顾，重点对等角投影的数学基础、等角投影的一般公式、等角投影变形量度［８］、具有极值特性的等角投影和探求等角投影的方法等进行了综述。最后提出需要继续研究的若干问题作为等角投影研究展望。     

Comparison of resection–intersection algorithms and projection geometries in radiostereometry

Three resection–intersection algorithms were applied to simulated projections and clinical data from radiostereometric patients. On simulated data, the more advanced bundle-adjustment-based algorithms outperformed the classical Selvik algorithm, even if the error reductions were small for some parameters. On clinical data, the results were inconclusive.The two different projection geometries had a much larger influence on the error size and distribution. For the biplanar configuration, the position and motion errors were small and almost isotropic. For the uniplanar configuration, the position errors were comparably high and anisotropic, but still resulted in a high accuracy for some motion parameters at the expense of others.The simplified resection–intersection algorithm by Selvik may still be considered a good and robust algorithm for radiostereometry. More studies will have to be performed to find out how the theoretical advantages of the bundle methods can be utilized in clinical radiostereometry.     

发展我国知识经济的理论思考

发展我国知识经济 ,必须以邓小平“科学技术是第一生产力”思想为理论基石 ,符合社会主义市场经济特征的激励知识创新活动的“经济组织”为基本前提。在此基础上 ,构建起符合我国国情的由相互联系、制约和影响的九大要素为基本框架的知识创新机制 ,是当前社会经济环境条件下的最优制度安排。     

防震减灾兴政安民——谈城市经济建设与防震减灾的关系

通过对经济建设与公益事业发展、应急救灾与全民防御、依法行政与主观决策、眼前利益与长治久安等关系的论述,认为,城市经济建设与防震减灾密切相关。论述了防震减灾与兴政安民之间的联系。结合太原市地震局近一年的改革实践,得出只要防震减灾与经济建设工作并肩发展,就能起到了“兴政安民”的作用。     

Three-dimensional sedimentary architecture of Quaternary sand and gravel resources: a case study of economic sedimentology (SW Germany)

Quaternary sands and gravels form important, yet often highly heterogeneous economic deposits. Detailed 3-D analysis of the sedimentary structure and stratigraphy of these deposits allows for an accurate estimation of exploitable material. This paper presents a case study in SW Germany reconstructing the 3-D distribution of glacial sediments based on a high-resolution, process-orientated sedimentary facies classification and lithostratigraphy integrated within the geo-modelling package gOcad. Situated along the maximal ice-extent of the Rhine glacier during the last glaciation, the study area is characterised by a morphologically prominent terminal moraine and its associated sandur, which form the stratigraphically youngest sediments of a glacial basin, partially exposed in two gravel pits. These outcrops helped to reconstruct the complex sedimentary architecture of the northern part of the glacial basin. The regional analysis is based on core data, as well as geoelectric and geomagnetic surveys. All data were integrated into km-scale, high-resolution geological 3-D models, depicting the large-scale dynamics of multiple glacier advances and retreats during the Early to Late Pleistocene. These models allow quantifying the thickness and volume distribution of exploitable sandy gravel and help to evaluate the occurrence of non-exploitable interbedded diamicton horizons. The high quality and quantity of gravels particularly north of the terminal moraine classifies the investigated area as very prospective for raw materials exploitation in the future.