塔里木河流域径流变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应

This paper has studied the change of streamflow and the impact of climatic variability conditions on regional hydrological cycle in the headwater of the Tarim River Basin. This study investigates possible causes of observed trends in streamflow in an environment which is highly variable in terms of atmospheric conditions, and where snow and ice melt play an important role in the natural hydrological regime. The discharge trends of three head streams have a significant increase trend from 1957 to 2002 with the Mann-Kendall test. Complex time-frequency distributions in the streamflow regime are demonstrated especially by Morlet wavelet analysis over 40 years. The purpose is to ascertain the nature of climatic factors spatial and temporal distribution, involved the use of EOF （Empirical Orthogonal Function） to compare the dominant temperature, precipitation and evaporation patterns from normally climatic records over the Tarim＇s headwater basin. It shows that the first principal component was dominated since the 1990s for temperature and precipitation, which identifies the significant ascending trend of spatial and temporal pattern characteristics under the condition of the global warming. An exponential correlation is highlighted between surface air temperature and mean river discharge monthly, so the regional runoff increases by 10%-16% when surface air temperature rises by 1 ℃. Results suggest that headwater basins are the most vulnerable environments from the point of view of climate change, because their watershed properties promote runoff feeding by glacier and snow melt water and their fundamental vulnerability to temperature changes affects rainfall, snowfall, and glacier and ice melt.     

由计算机产生的等距离区域分界线

本文介绍一种最近由作者在美国研制的,由计算机产生等距离区域分界线的程序及其数据结构,同时给出初步的试验结果。     

北半球月平均环流异常垂直结构的综合分析

本文用一种时空综合的经验正交函数分析方法,对北半球100、500和700hPa三层月平均高度距平场进行展开,得到了不仅能反映各层高度距平场本身的空间结构分布特征,而且能同时反映各层高层距平场之间有机联系的特征向量场.分析结果表明:北半球月平均环流异常在垂直方向上具有明显的相当正压性结构特征.     

EOF迭代方案恢复夏季大气环流场的试验

本文设计了一种恢复夏季大气环流场的EOF(经验正交函数)迭代方案,并利用1951～1984年中国夏季降水距平场和北半球500hPa夏季高度距平场作镢复试验,数值试验效果较好.此项工作表明:利用某些长时间序列的资料通过EOF迭代方案恢复历史时期大气环流是可行的.     

A digital model to evaluate the water balance in a typical hardrock environment

A digital model was designed and developed to study the water balance situation in a typical hardrock environment near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. The model was calibrated over a period of six years with observed field hydrographs. An optimum error factor of 0.001 m was chosen and the computer took 47 iterations for outputting the results with the desired accuracy. Prognostic studies were carried out with progressively increasing draft conditions and water levels were observed to be declining even when the draft was less than the recharge. The analysis of the experiments further amended the belief of the earlier workers.     

我国旬降水量的时空分布特征

用EOF方法分解我国近44a的旬降水场，得知：我国旬降水的6种主要空间型出现的集中时段各不相同，各型均以年际和年内的短周期变化为主，且有各自的长期变化趋势。EOF展开空间型的时间系数间存在显著的统计相关。     

江苏省夏季气温异常的海气背景

通过1961－1998年江苏省11个站点夏季（6－8月）平均气温的EOF分析，探讨江苏省夏温异常的时空分布结构，并在此基础上，分析其前期及同期500hPa高度距平场、海温距平场的特征，得到了一些对本地夏季气温异常预测有意义的结果。     

场对场预报模型及其对降水的预报试验

用经验正交函数对预报因子场和预报对象场分别进行分解，将正交展开的时间系数作为预报因子和预报对象，提出了一种场对场预报模型，该模型考虑了预报系统的时变性，并利用云南５月份的雨量资料进行了预报试验。结果表明，用这种模型作区域性降水预报有一定的优越性。     

一种夏季大范围降水趋势分布的预报方法

综合考虑了影响夏季降水异常的大气、海洋因子和降水变化规律，提出了一种大范围降水异常分布的统计预报方法。用１９９１－１９９４年的独立资料检验，取得了满意效果。     

区域降水数值预报产品人工神经网络释用预报研究

利用T213、日本细网格降水预报等数值预报产品,采用人工神经网络方法进行预报释用。通过聚类分析方法对广西自治区测站进行分类,简化预报对象,对数量众多的T213数值预报产品采用自然正交分解(EOF)方法,浓缩大量因子的有效信息,并结合日本降水预报因子建立广西5~6月区域降水量级的逐日人工神经网络预报模型。运用与实际业务预报相同的方法进行逐日预报试验。结果表明,用这种数值预报产品释用方法建立广西3个预报区域的B-P人工神经网络预报模型对中雨以上降水量级预报的TS评分分别为0.55、0.5和0.26,比目前业务预报中参考使用的T213和日本数值预报产品降水预报具有更好的预报效果。