小型延时多普勒雷达高度计

延时多普勒雷达高度计（Delay Doppler Radar Altimeter,DDA）是采用孔径合成技术进行高度测量的雷达高度计。与传统雷达高度计相比,DDA沿航迹方向分辨率提高了10倍,发射峰值功率降低了10dB,测高精度提高到2cm。采用DDA技术可以使仪器测量精度更高、空间分辨率更高、功耗更低,易于实现小型化。DDA代表了新一代的卫星测高技术,特别适合海洋、海岸带和极冰的测量。该文就DDA测量机理、波形仿真和精度分析进行了研究。     

小波变换块自适应量化算法压缩SAR原始数据

本文研究了如何使用基于小波变换的块自适应量化（WT-BAQ）算法压缩合成孔径雷达原始数据。结合一组实测SAR原始数据,进行了压缩和解压缩,并计算了数据域及图像域评价参数,给出了压缩算法最终所成的图像。并与块自适应量化（BAQ）、块自适应矢量量化（BAVQ）以及小波包变换块自适应量化（WPT-BAQ）方法进行了性能比较。实验表明,在相同比特率条件下,本文算法得到的数据域信噪比和图像域信噪比均比另外三种算法高。本文算法具有一定实用价值。最后文章给出了结论和将来进一步的工作。     

InSAR技术及其在地质灾害中的应用

InSAR是在太空对地球进行3维成像技术,它标志着空间遥感从2维信息获取进入到3维信息获取的新阶段,也为大地测量带来了一场革命。该技术为地质灾害的研究提供一个全新的工具。运用InSAR和D-In-SAR技术进行地面微位移监测,是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法。本文例举了InSAR技术在地震、火山喷发和滑坡等地质灾害应用的实例。表明它在形变监测研究中有广阔的应用前景,具有不可替代的优势。     

新一代天气雷达资料在2003年淮河流域暴雨模拟中的初步应用:模拟降水和风场的对比

利用时间尺度密集的长沙、常德、合肥、南昌、南京、武汉和宜昌共7个站的新一代天气雷达（CINRAD-SA雷达）观测反演资料、TBB资料、常规的探空和地面观测资料、NCEP分析资料，与中尺度MM5模式相结合，以NCEP格点资料作为大尺度背静场，加入12 h间隔的探空、3 h间隔的常规地面观测资料及1 h间隔的雷达反演风廓线资料，进行全程四维同化模拟，考察中尺度数值模式MM5对2003年梅雨期间发生在湖南、安徽和江苏的暴雨过程（7月8～9日）的模拟能力。分析表明:除了模拟降水与实况接近以外（雨量和雨区），MM5模式输出的风廓线和从雷达观测反演得到的风廓线结果有很好的相似性，加入雷达反演风廓线资料后对模拟结果有一定改进，为进一步利用模式输出结果研究造成2003年江淮流域暴雨洪涝的中尺度对流系统的结构和机理提供了可能。     

Characterization of pyroclastic fall and flow deposits from the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano,Indonesia using ground-penetrating radar

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is used to image and characterize fall and pyroclastic flow deposits from the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia. Analysis of GPR common-mid-point (CMP) data indicate that the velocity of radar in the sub-surface is 0.1 m/ns, and this is used to establish a preliminary traveltime to-depth conversion for common-offset reflection profiles. Common-offset radar profiles were collected along the edge of an erosional gully that exposed approximately 1–2 m of volcanic stratigraphy. Additional trenching at select locations in the gully exposed the contact between the pre-1815 eruption surface and overlying pyroclastic deposit from the 1815 eruption. The deepest continuous, prominent reflection is shown to correspond to the interface between pre-eruption clay-rich soil and pyroclastics that reach a maximum thickness of 4 m along our profiles. This soil surface is distinctly terraced and is interpreted as the ground surface augmented for agriculture and buildings by people from the kingdom of Tambora. The correlation of volcanic stratigraphy and radar data at this location indicates that reflections are produced by the soil-pyroclastic deposit interface and the interface between pyroclastic flows (including pyroclastic surge) and the pumice-rich fall deposits. In the thickest deposits an additional reflection marks the interface between two pyroclastic flow units.     

武汉一次下击暴流天气的成因分析

对多普勒天气雷达、卫星以及高空地面等各种探测资料进行了综合分析。结果表明:2007年7月27日发生于武汉地区的局地强对流天气过程主要是在500 hPa副热带高压边缘反气旋性弯曲的西南气流中,受午后下垫面强烈加热、对流不稳定增强、局地中尺度辐合系统加强等共同作用下,产生的中尺度对流系统直接造成的。雷暴云中宏尺度(Macro-scale)、微尺度(Micro-scale)的下击暴流在近地面形成的破坏性直线风是导致武汉地区大风灾害的直接物理原因。     

利用双多普勒雷达研究强飑线过程的三维风场结构

山东齐河CINRAD/SA和滨州CINRAD/SC雷达相距125.5km,组成了双多普勒雷达观测网,利用2004年6月21—22日的一次强飑线过程的多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了双雷达观测资料的质量控制结果,并根据双多普勒雷达反演的三维风场研究了飑线的三维结构。结果表明,两部雷达探测的回波在水平位置上有2.0km的差别,回波强度滨州雷达低5.2dBz,回波结构也有一定的差别,径向速度在可比较的区域一致性很好。飑线不同位置的水平风场结构有很大不同,在飑线北端,低层是气旋性辐合风场,飑线南端是反气旋性辐合风场,而中部沿强对流窄带的前部是偏西和东南风的风场辐合。中高层云中风逐渐转为西北风,强对流回波带上空对应辐散风场;垂直于强对流带方向的风场垂直结构表明:成熟阶段,强对流窄带前部的低层是入流气流,即东风气流,它与对流带后部的西风相遇后向上倾斜上升,在中高层向前流出形成飑前砧状云。减弱阶段,低层的西风分量增强并向前穿过强对流回波带,导致前面的入流气流风速减弱、下边界抬高,这一垂直风场结构和演变特征与美国中纬度飑线的结构基本一致。     

冰雹云提前识别及预警的研究

利用雷达强回波45 dBZ高度和降雹日08时月平均零度层高度,对1991-2003年宝鸡雷达站观测的165 d 231块对流云数值拟合,得出了识别冰雹云的指标:处于发展中的对流云,雷达强回波45 dBZ高度大于或等于多年降雹日08时零度层月平均值的2.9 km,将有冰雹酝酿形成.对降雹造成灾害的雷达回波分析表明:雷达强回波的45 dBZ平均底部越高、提前识别的时间越长,顶部越高距离降雹时间越短,冰雹的形成是雷达强回波从云体的中部开始向上下扩展而成.该识别冰雹云方法对单体降雹平均提前识别12 min,而对超级单体平均提前识别18 min,对多单体、飑线中超级单体的降雹具有提前预警的作用,平均提前预警时间22 min.     

Semidiurnal tides from the extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) and comparisons with TIMED Doppler interferometer (TIDI) and meteor radar observations

The extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (extended CMAM) is a general circulation model, which extends from the surface to about 210 km. Spatial complex spectral analysis is applied to horizontal winds simulated by the extended CMAM to obtain semidiurnal tidal amplitudes and phases (from e5 to w5) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. The dominant w2 migrating component and the presence of eight nonmigrating tides (w3, w4, w5, e1, e2, e3, e4 and e5) in the mid-latitudes are identified. Components w1 and s0, which tend to maximize at high latitudes, will be discussed separately in a later paper. The migrating semidiurnal tide (w2) has amplitudes reaching over 20 m s⁻¹ for both zonal and meridional winds in the mid-latitude region. Its form compares well to the published results. The amplitudes of nonmigrating semidiurnal tides are non-negligible compared with the migrating semidiurnal tides. The amplitudes for w3 and e2 exceed 12 and 8 m s⁻¹, respectively.Comparisons are made with four nonmigrating semidiurnal components (w3, w4, e1 and e2) derived from the TIMED Doppler interferometer (TIDI) wind measurements between 85 and 105 km altitude and between 45°S and 45°N latitude. Overall, the basic CMAM and TIDI latitudinal structures of the amplitudes agree well and the agreement between the annual mean amplitudes varies with component. Relative to the TIDI results, the CMAM seasonal variations of w4 are in good agreement, of e2 are in reasonable agreement, of w3 are in partial agreement and of e1 are in poor agreement.The 11 semidiurnal components from the model are superimposed to generate the total semidiurnal winds at Jakarta (6°S, 106°E) and Kototabang (0°, 100°E) and are compared with measurements from two equatorial meteor radar stations at these sites. The relative contributions of components to the reconstructed amplitude vary from month to month. The CMAM reconstructions are generally larger than the radar results by a factor varying between one and two. The phases in the radar data are typically stationary with respect to height, whereas they generally decrease with height in the CMAM reconstruction.     

高分辨率探地雷达及实验研究

本文作者开发基于E5071B型矢量网络分析仪(VNA)的高分辨率探地雷达系统(LANRCS—GPR),该系统立足于频率域探地雷达系统的宽频带和适应性强的优点之上,充分发挥了矢量网络分析仪具有的超宽带、高精度测量等特性。该系统采用LAN方式进行系统联机控制方式,使系统组建成本低廉、易于扩展:本系统采用了计算效率高的F-K偏移方法作为实时成像方法。系统测试实验表明,该系统具有很高的探测分辨率,探测精度高,信号信噪比高,系统动态范围大,而且系统的操作灵活可靠,适应范围广,系统功能可扩展性强。该系统的研究开发为将来成品频域探地雷达系统的研发提供了理论、实验基础,同时也为电磁波传播研究及电磁探测研究搭建了一个采集数据精度高、信息量大、适应范围广、操作方便的实验平台。