Early Permian Palaeoenvironment in Damodar Valley Coalfields, India: an Overview

In the Damodar Valley Basin, coalfields containing coal bearing Barakar Formation are Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Ramgarh, and Karanpura. The Barakar Formation is composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, fireclay, and coal. The lower part of Barakar Formation represents a braided channel deposit, and also in few places glacio-fluvial deposit which changes to meandering channel system with the formation of some ox-bow lake, and cut-off channel in the middle part. In a few places deltaic/brackish water condition possibly existed along with this meandering channel system. In the upper part of Barakar Formation, marine signatures are more prominant. Marine signatures/influences have been reported from Barakar Formation of Ramgarh, South Karanpura, and West Bokaro coalfields on the basis of trace fossil assemblage, sedimentation character, and trace element content. Although, definite marine signatures have not been observed from Jharia, and Raniganj coalfields, high concentration of boron, vanadium, and chromium, and presence of skolithos, and thalassinoides burrows possibly suggest a brackish water condition. The upper part clearly suggest that the sediments were deposited in a geographic setting very close to the sea or at the edge of the sea possibly in a peritidal setting where storm activity played a vital role during sedimentation which in turn suggests the presence of a broad shallow sea (epeiric/epicontinental sea) that develop during times of high sea level. The sea water possibly entered from the northeastern side as vast seaways or as embayment through the Damodar Valley which acted as a channel.     

东北冷涡的结构及其演变特征的个例综合分析

利用NCEP再分析资料、FY-2C、CloudSat云探测卫星和实况观测等资料对2009年6月27—30日出现的东北冷涡的热力动力结构、三维流场和云系演变特征进行了分析,并初步探讨了冷涡的发生、发展机理。结果表明:该冷涡冷心结构最初始于高层,随后逐渐向下伸展。成熟阶段的冷涡,对流层整层为冷心结构,冷中心位于对流层中高层,其上即平流层低层为暖心结构,中心东西两侧上升气流随高度向外倾斜,经向风趋于对称。发展初期温度槽落后于高度槽,且轴线向西倾斜,斜压性特征明显;至成熟阶段,温度中心与高度中心趋于重合,轴线近于竖直,显示出正压的特征;到减弱阶段,由于低层偏北风减弱明显,轴线又略向西倾斜。冷涡云带的产生与低层辐合带密切相关。CloudSat云探测卫星资料分析结果表明,冷涡环流内多中小尺度对流云团发展,且分布极不均匀。此次个例的研究结果揭示出冷涡的形成和发展跟对流层中上层切断低压的生成发展与对应的地面低压逐步耦合的动力学过程紧密相关,其中,冷暖气流呈旋转式下沉和上升,在冷涡中心形成偶极;对流层高层的干冷空气总是沿着等熵面从高层穿越等压面向下侵入到冷涡中心附近,干侵入使冷涡加强发展并维持其冷心结构。干侵入机制实际就是高位涡的侵入和下传,对预报冷涡的发展演变具有重要指示意义。     

深层喷粉搅拌桩在地基加固工程中的应用研究

通过深层喷粉搅拌桩在榆林地区中级法院住宅楼地基加固工程中的成功应用 ,从设计、施工工艺、检测及技术经济综合分析提出了条基下单排或双排布桩的新思路及有关参数计算方法和验算过程。     

一次东北冷涡降水过程的结构特征与影响因子分析

利用加密观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2006年7月20～24日一次东北冷涡降水过程的发生、发展及结构特征进行了分析,并利用MM5模式对此次冷涡过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,冷涡发展阶段,对流层顶存在两条急流带,一条为南伸的高纬高空急流带,另一条为副热带西风急流带,两条急流带在东北地区汇合,强副热带西风动量的输送增强...     

中国西北夏季干湿特征分析

近45 a来中国西北夏季干湿的长期变化趋在不同的分区内有所差异,但位于西北西部的地区目前正处于偏湿阶段,而西北东部的地区目前正处于偏干阶段,同时整个西北地区近45 a来偏旱的年份多于偏湿的年份;东亚大槽比较稳定、深厚、新疆脊强,副热带高压偏东偏南是中国西北干旱年500 hPa高度场的显著特点,而东亚大槽比较浅薄、新疆脊比较弱,副热带高压偏西偏北是湿润年500 hPa高度场的显著特点。     

Ambient air dry deposition and ionic species analysis by using various deposition collectors in Shalu, central Taiwan

This study describes the chemical composition of dry deposition collected at a highway traffic site in central Taiwan during daytime and nighttime periods by using a dry deposition plate (DDP) and water surface sampler (WSS). In addition, the characterization for mass and water-soluble species of total suspended particulate (TSP), both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, was studied at the study site from August 22 to November 30, 2006. Dry deposition fluxes of ambient air particulates and inorganic species (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻) were analyzed by Ion Chromatography (DIONEX-100).Results of the particulate dry deposition fluxes and mass concentrations are higher in the water surface sampler with respect to the dry deposition plate used in this study. Statistical results also showed the average dry deposition flux of the ionic species (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻) obtained by the DDP and WSS displayed significant differences. Also, the average concentrations of Mg²⁺ and, Ca²⁺ were statistically the same at this study site.     

北京“7·21”特大暴雨中的干侵入分析研究

利用中尺度数值模式WRF V3.2模拟分析2012年7月21日发生在北京特大暴雨过程的天气形势与中尺度系统特征,并结合干侵入理论分析了暴雨过程中的干冷空气活动及其对暴雨的影响。结果表明,此次暴雨过程发生在高空槽引导冷空气南下与强盛的西南暖湿气流在华北一带剧烈交汇的天气形势下,西太平洋副热带高压阻碍了高空槽东移,使北京地区的降水过程维持较长时间。暴雨过程伴随着明显的中尺度对流复合体MCC活动,MCC的持续活动与降水中心在时空上具有一致性。WRF模式对暴雨过程有较好的模拟能力,降水发生之前的24 h内不断有来自35°N对流层顶附近的高位涡、低湿的干冷空气,沿着倾斜向北向下的路径侵入大气中低层39°N附近的700 h Pa高度。干侵入在降水开始前24 h到降水前10 h强度变化不大,随后略有减弱,在降水开始之后迅速减弱消失。干侵入对暴雨的影响主要通过在降水开始前及降水初期影响北京地区的大气热力与动力环境来完成。干侵入可以增大暴雨落区大气的位势不稳定,为对流发展储备充沛的对流有效位能,为MCC的发生、发展提供有利的环境条件。同时,干侵入增大了大气中低层的气旋性涡度,有利于中低层空气辐合上升运动,是引发北京地区局地的强对流天气,如MCC及其伴随的暴雨过程可能的触发机制。     

诱发渤海风暴潮的黄河气旋动力学诊断和机制分析

利用数字化6.7μm卫星水汽图像、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,以及干侵入和位涡理论,对2007年3月3～5日诱发渤海罕见风暴潮过程的黄河气旋进行了天气动力学诊断和机制分析。结果表明,这次风暴潮是在欧亚中高纬度环流调整、高纬不稳定低槽东移发展及东亚大槽重建的过程中发生的,强烈发展的黄河气旋产生强偏北大风,导...     

承德市干湿岛效应及其城市化影响分析

提出用城市站与郊区站相对湿度的差值作为干湿岛强度指标,利用趋势分析等统计分析方法,分析了承德市1964—2007年的空气湿度变化及城市化影响,结果表明：承德市近44 a空气湿度呈明显增加趋势,尤以近10 a最为明显,且由1988年以前的干岛特征逐渐转成了近10 a的湿岛特征,以夏季、秋季的湿岛效应最为明显,湿度场的明显变化主要来源于城市化影响。