POS与DEM辅助机载SAR多普勒参数估计

由于机载SAR多普勒参数受载机不稳定飞行和复杂地形影响明显,目前仍缺少有效的矢量估计法。本文对POS和DEM数据及其误差对机载多普勒参数的影响进行了分析,以距离-共面方程构建的SAR几何关系为基础,在POS和DEM数据支持下,建立了一种多普勒参数矢量估计法,并通过仿真对提出的方法进行了验证和分析。理论和仿真表明,本文方法在高山地形、不稳飞行及大斜视角等复杂条件下,亦能够为机载SAR瞬时多普勒中心提供高精度估计。     

2017年秋季河北一次飑线引发的雷暴大风过程分析

利用常规地面高空观测资料、地面自动站资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年秋季发生在河北省中部的一次由飑线引发的雷暴大风天气进行分析。结果表明：本次雷暴大风过程发生在高空冷涡底部,槽后冷空气与低层暖平流叠加配合地面冷锋的有利天气背景下,由飑线回波直接造成。环境条件中水汽和热力达到了中国华北地区产生强雷暴大风的平均值,大气温度直减率和垂直风切变比夏季更适宜,但能量不如夏季充足。飑线的强度、形态与夏季产生雷暴大风的雷达回波特征无异,但依据低层径向速度大值区预警秋季飑线大风需提高阈值。秋季飑线过程中地面同样伴随风场辐合、雷暴高压等中尺度系统,冷池密度流作用有利于地面大风产生。     

“09.11.10”石家庄特大暴雪中尺度风场分析

利用常规观测、雷达资料以及四维变分方法反演的风场资料,对2009年11月10-12日石家庄特大暴雪过程的形势场和中尺度风场结构进行了详细分析.从影响系统来看,此次特大暴雪过程分为两个阶段:回流降雪和西来槽降雪.回流降雪是特大暴雪的主要时段,此阶段西部山区降雪明显大于东部平原;而西来槽降雪阶段全区降雪比较均匀.由雷达反射率因子和径向速度可见:10日降雪具有对流性质,而且回波不断地自西部山区向石家庄市区移动,产生“列车效应”,造成市区及西部降雪强度较大;11-12日回波强度弱,降雪强度也较弱.分析雷达四维变分反演风场得到如下结论:(1)反演风场能够准确展现东风影响的时间和高度、西来槽影响的始末,对预报员定性外推降雪的强度起到非常好的参考作用.(2)低层水平反演风场上,存在一个比较窄的东风带,回波沿东风带自西向东移动,石家庄市区处于北到东北风的“回流墙”附近,东移回波在此堆积,移速减慢,影响时间较长;同时,市区附近存在风向性和风速性辐合,致使回波在石家庄附近加强或维持.(3)反演风场垂直剖面图上,东风回流降雪阶段,低层东风区上空存在一个“反气旋”,强回波位于“反气旋”所包围的范围.     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH WIND DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA'S COASTAL REGION AND THEIR CAUSES

This work investigates the distribution of high winds above Beaufort scale 6 in the offshore zones of China using high-resolution satellite measurements.A numerical experiment is carried out in order to find out the effects of Taiwan Island on the formation of strong winds.The analysis indicates that the distribution of high wind occurrence is similar to that of the average wind velocity in winter.High winds tend to be anchored in special topographical regions,such as the Taiwan Strait,the Bashi Channel and the southeast coast of Vietnam.High winds occur much more frequently over the warmer than the colder flank of Kuroshio front as it meanders from Taiwan to Japan.The frequency of high winds decreases drastically in spring.The Taiwan Strait maintains the largest high wind occurrence.Besides,high winds remain frequent in the Bashi Channel,the southeast tip of Taiwan Island and the warmer flank of Kuroshio front.In summer,high winds generally occur infrequently except over a broad region off the southeast coast of Vietnam near 10°N and the frequency there decreases from southwest to northeast.High winds around Taiwan Island present near axisymmetric distribution with larger frequency along southeast-northwest direction and smaller frequency along southwest-northeast direction.The dominant direction of high winds exhibits a counterclockwise circulation surrounding the island.The frequency of high winds increases rapidly in autumn and almost repeats the distribution that appears in winter.The simulation results suggest that the effects of Taiwan Island topography on high winds vary with seasons.In winter,topography is the major cause of high winds in the surrounding oceanic zones.High winds in both Taiwan Strait and the southeast corner of the island disappear and the frequency decreases gradually from south to north when the terrain is removed.However,in summer,high wind frequency derived from two simulations with and without terrain is almost identical.We attribute this phenomenon to the factors which are responsible for the formation of high winds.     

Kinematic features of a bow echo in southern China observed with doppler radar

A bow echo is a type of mesoscale convective phenomenon that often induces extreme weather and appears with strong reflectivity on radar images. A strong bow echo that developed from a supercell was observed over Foshan City in southern China on 17 April 2011. The intense gusty winds and showers caused huge losses of property and severely affected human lives. This paper presents an analysis of this strong meso- n-scale convective system based on Doppler radar observations. The isolated bow echo exhibited a horizontal scale of about 80 km in terms of reflectivity above 40 dBZ, and a life span of 8 hours. The system originated from the merging of a couple of weakly organized cells in a shear line, and developed into an arch shape as it moved through the shear zone. Sufficient surface moisture supply ensured the convective instability and development of the bow echo. The low-altitude winds retrieved from single Doppler radar observations showed an obvious rear-inflow jet along the notch area. Different from the conventional definition, no book- end anticyclone was observed throughout the life cycle. Very strong slantwise updrafts and downdrafts were recognizable from the retrieved winds, even though the spatial scale of the bow echo was small. Strong winds and induced damage on the surface are considered to have been caused by the mid-level rear-inflow jet and intense convective downdrafts.     

Symbiotic stars with spectral indication of bipolar ejection and stellar wind

Four out of a total of five symbiotic systems whose optical spectral lines contain satellite components indicating collimated ejection have an additional absorption of P Cyg type with different velocity. These systems are Z And, Hen 3‐1341, StHα 190, and BF Cyg. It is shown that the line profiles of every of these systems can be interpreted in the framework of a model of a collimated stellar wind from the hot compact component proposed initially to interpret the line profiles of Z And, observed during its last active phase after 2000. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)