57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy on natural eosphorite-childrenite-ernstite samples

Samples of the eosphorite-childrenite [(Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺)AlPO₄(OH)₂H₂O] series from Divino das Laranjeiras and Araçuaí (Minas Gerais State) and Parelhas (Rio Grande do Norte State) pegmatites have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy at 295 and 77 K. The Mössbauer spectra of ernstite [(Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺)AlPO₄(OH)_2-xO_x] showed the existence of ferric ions in both A and B sites, whereas ferrous ions seem to be located exclusively in the A site. Nonoxidised samples show ferrous ions located in both sites, and no Fe³⁺ could be detected. The interpretation of the Mössbauer spectra of both, oxidised and nonoxidised samples, is difficult because the hyperfine parameters of these minerals are rather similar, rendering it difficult to make proper site assignments.     

多普勒雷达图象资料在人工增雨决策指挥中应用研究

利用2000-2002年山东省春、秋、冬三季17次稳定性降水过程的多普勒天气雷达资料进行统计分析，研究山东省大范围稳定性降水的速度回波演变情况，得出系统加强、维持、消散的图象特征。当整层为暖平流，上层为西南气流且有明显的垂直风切变时，系统维持时间较长；当低层风场出现暖平流加辐合特征相结合时，系统加强且持续时间较长，上述两种流场特征适宜实施飞机人工增雨作业。当整层出现冷平流或主体为冷平流时，系统开始减弱，且移速较快，持续时间较短，不适宜实施人工增雨作业。     

小麦倒伏的光谱特征及遥感监测

小麦倒伏后茎秆和叶片在探测视场中的比例及植株组分的受光条件发生了变化,其冠层光谱特性也随之发生改变,所以利用遥感监测倒伏是可能的。首先,分析了叶片和茎秆组分的光谱特点,解释了倒伏后冠层光谱的变化特点,即光谱反射率随倒伏角度的增加而增加。其次,利用倒伏后冠层光谱反射率在可见光波段的相对增幅高于近红外波段的特点,利用实测数据分析和建立了归一化差异植被指数NDVI随倒伏角度的增加而降低的规律及模型。最后,采用2003年4月7日和5月9日倒伏发生前后的2景LandsatETM卫星影像,利用倒伏前后的NDVI值的变化,成功监测了小麦倒伏的发生程度。     

蒙皂石含量与膨胀土光谱吸收参量相关关系研究

对沿南水北调中线工程邯郸—永年、南阳、平顶山等地区及襄樊、荆门钟祥地区采集的各类地表、近地表膨胀土样品55件,运用现代XRD定量方法和有机染料吸附方法测量了粘土矿物成分和蒙皂石含量,计算了有效蒙皂石含量,同时测定了它们的可见光短波红外光谱,并参量化计算了吸收光谱的位置、深度、宽度、对称性和面积,统计分析了光谱吸收参量与有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量之间的关系。结果表明:根据蒙皂石2200nm,1900nm,1400nm吸收的相对强度,可以划分不同的膨胀土类型;根据膨胀土实验室光谱1900nm,1400nm吸收深度和吸收宽度可以估算膨胀土的有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量;吸收对称性和面积不能运用于与有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量的光谱估算;运用实验室光谱测量分析,可以在工程现场经济、方便、快捷地识别膨胀土、划分膨胀土类型、估算有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量,能够产业化应用。     

应用声学多普勒流速仪进行冰期流量测验的比测研究

水利部松辽委黑龙江水文水资源勘测局、黑龙江省水文局和美国SonTek／YSI水文仪器公司合作，在黑龙江黑河地段的卡伦山水文站进行了冰期流量、流速和水深的比测研究。比测研究采用了SonTek／YSI的1．5MHz河猫Mini—ADP进行实测，并与先期采用机械式旋杯流速仪的实测资料进行比对。比测研究的目的是通过声学多普勒定点测流技术与标准的机械流速仪测量技术进行对比，验证声学多普勒剖面流速仪定点流量测量的精度，推广应用声学多普勒测流技术在封冰期测流的方法。     

我国新一代天气雷达网监测系统

简要介绍了我国正在布网的雷达的特点和功能以及雷达气象产品及其气象应用软件，给出了冰雹云识别和跟踪、中尺度气旋、暴雨等产品的个例。新一代天气雷达系统具有较强的对灾害性天气监测、预警能力，对较大范围内降水(台风)进行定量估测的能力，以及获取回波信号中风场信息的能力，是综合探测、分析、预测、预警功能为一体的智能型系统。     

多普勒雷达资料四维变分同化

文章从理论上分析了多普勒雷达资料的四维同化。阐述多普勒雷达资料四维同化的主要过程及其基本思路。着重论述多普勒雷达资料四维变分分析系统(4D-VDRAS)的原理和方法，以及价值函数，共轭方程、伴随方程和多普勒雷达数据处理、Barnes插值技术和4D-VDRAS的应用。     

SOME MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN

Results are presented from a windturbulence measurements campaign at the summit of ahill in complex terrain in Andros island (Greece)where a wind turbine park has been constructed. Meanturbulence parameters and power spectra from three 30 mmasts located at the summit, upwind and downwind ofthe hill are analysed to ascertain the differencesfrom respective parameters in flat terrain and toassess the influence of the irregular topography. Thevariances of the horizontal (vertical) wind components are found tobe smaller (larger) than the onesfrom flat terrain. Of the available correlations forthe power spectra, the Von Karman one was found togive better results, although the low frequency partsshow pronounced lags. The asymmetry of the upwindterrain for different wind directions and especiallyits slope is clearly felt both by variances and byspectra. This influence, as expected, is found toincrease with increasing stability. These results havean important significance for wind turbine design andwind energy utilisation.     

An Independent Method to Determine the Height of the Mixed Layer

A method for the independent evaluation ofmixed-layer (ML) height, zi, has beenproposed. The ML height is determined bythe functional relationshipszi = 0.75 z/nv max or 0.53 z/nu max in which, z is a measuring height; nv max and nu max are normalized peak frequencies of lateral velocity component, v, and longitudinal velocity component, u, spectra at height z in the surface layer respectively. Using Doppler sodar data, the technique was shown to be feasible; it is easy to apply to micro-meteorological field experiments and works even for the ML top above the range of the sodar.