利用土壤游离烃技术判别油气藏性质及保存条件

摘要：土壤游离烃技术通过直接检测受地表景观介质变化影响小的游离态轻烃异常来获取地下油气信息。塔里木盆地试验区已知油气藏上方具有良好的游离烃化探异常显示,干燥系数在840~1989之间,显示游离烃异常与深部油气的热演化相关。土壤游离烃组分平衡系数、湿度系数、特征系数等指标预测与判断地下油气藏性质的结果与实际地质结果相吻合。近地表游离烃的甲烷/丙烷指标均值高达25~116,由北向南依次增大,说明油气藏埋藏深度依次增大。丁烷异构比和戊烷异构比特征显示雅克拉油气区有机质成熟度最高。结果表明：游离烃的轻烃组分和含量变化特征能够预测与判断地下油气藏的位置、性质、有机质成熟度和保存条件。     

纳米氧化物颗粒对水基钻井液润滑性能影响的试验研究

通过在水基钻井液中添加纳米氧化物颗粒,来改善其润滑性能。选用了Al2O3、TiO2及SiO2三种纳米氧化物颗粒作为钻井液改性添加剂,利用极压润滑仪及销盘摩擦磨损实验仪研究了添加不同种类和浓度纳米颗粒氧化物对水基钻井液的润滑性能及减摩效果的影响。结果表明,所添加的3种球形纳米颗粒均有润滑减阻减摩的效果,其中SiO2颗粒的钻井液的润滑性能、滤失性能以及减摩效果都是最好的。当纳米SiO2颗粒加量为0.4%时,滤失量最小,润滑系数降低率达到15.6%,摩擦系数降低率为32.0%,磨痕轨迹平滑,减摩效果最为明显。当纳米颗粒浓度超过0.5%时,减摩效果降低,磨盘脱层磨损明显。     

甘肃成县庙沟—大沙湾铅锌矿区成矿地质特征及找矿方向

甘肃成县庙沟—大沙湾铅锌矿区位于西秦岭多金属成矿带西段的西成铅锌矿田内,矿区的铅锌矿化受安家岔组条带状大理岩化灰岩和条带状大理岩的控制,喷流沉积(成岩)作用是成矿的主要因素,为喷流沉积的SEDEX型矿床,同生沉积特征明显,具热水沉积特征,发育有硫化物岩、重晶石岩、硅质岩等。预测靶区为马蹄沟一带近EW向岩相突变带。     

重磁3D物性反演技术在金属矿勘探中的应用

解反演问题是地球物理资料处理解释的主要环节.反演就是依据已获得异常特征,结合地质和其他资料,求解地下源体的空间位置、形状及物性特征参数.随着对地质体全方位精细结构研究要求的提高,重磁等反演技术已发展到3D反演阶段.重磁反演主要有两种方法,即形态反演(建立场源模型形态单元)和物性反演(构建物性模型单元).在物性模型构建中...     

Uncertainty propagation of hydrodispersive transfer in an aquifer: an illustration of one-dimensional contaminant transport with slug injection

It is evident that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and linear flow velocity dominate solute transport in aquifers. Both of them play important roles characterizing contaminant transport. However, by definition, the parameter of contaminant transport cannot be measured directly. For most problems of contaminant transport, a conceptual model for solute transport generally is established to fit the breakthrough curve obtained from field testing, and then suitable curve matching or the inverse solution of a theoretical model is used to determine the parameter. This study presents a one-dimensional solute transport problem for slug injection. Differential analysis is used to analyze uncertainty propagation, which is described by the variance and mean. The uncertainties of linear velocity and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient are, respectively, characterized by the second-power and fourth-power of the length scale multiplied by a lumped relationship of variance and covariance of system parameters, i.e. the Peclet number and arrival time of maximum concentration. To validate the applicability for evaluating variance propagation in one-dimensional solute transport, two cases using field data are presented to demonstrate how parametric uncertainty can be caught depending on the manner of sampling.     

和田玉的鉴定与评估

新疆和田玉是世界软玉品种中最好的一种,有“玉王”之称。该文对和田玉的矿物组成、化学成分及物理性质进行了鉴定分析,提出了和田玉原料及玉器的评估方法。     

Properties and organic activation of ocean clay in the East Pacific

In order to make use of ocean clay reasonably and excavate its potential applications the properties of ocean clay in Chinese investigating area of the East Pacific have been tested with the chemical analysis, XRFS, ICP/MAS, granulometry and SSA, etc. The results show that the clay sediments of this area are rich in clay minerals, fine granularity, bigger SSA, bigger water absorbability and lower ion changing ability etc. To improve the adaptability of ocean clay and macromolecule materials, using the dry milling method with silane, aluminate, stearic acid coupling agents etc the properties of ocean clay are improved. The effect has been evaluated by testing the water absorbing of the modified ocean clay and their dispersing in paraffin liquid. The result is that KH550 is better than any other active reagents, and the best activation technics is that 1.5% (volume) of KH550 quantity, 20min of milling time. The DTA, XRD, SEM and IR analyses and SSA testing show that the organic activation can not change the mineral structure but can densify the structure of clay, and activation mechanism is chemical covered mainly and chemical combined secondly.     

工程勘察中稳态瑞利面波法解释理论的探讨

工程勘探中稳态瑞利波法的实测曲线与介质性质有着密切的对应关系.传统的解释理论以自由表面瑞利面波的传播为基础.然而源检距很小时,漏能型面波（或多次复合反射波）的形成能更合理地解释记录曲线上的特征点.解释理论的正确性将有利于扩展该方法的实际应用.     

适用于声波方程数值模拟的时间-空间域隐式有限差分算子优化方法

声波方程数值模拟已广泛应用于理论地震计算,同时构成了地震逆时偏移成像技术的基础.对于有限差分法而言,在满足一定的稳定性条件时,普遍存在着因网格化而形成的数值频散效应.如何有效地缓解或压制数值频散是有限差分方法研究的关键所在.有限差分格式分为显式有限差分和隐式有限差分.隐式有限差分能够进一步压制数值频散效应.因此本文提出了给定频率范围满足时间-空间域隐式有限差分频散关系的方法,并根据震源频率、波速和网格间距确定波数范围,在此基础上建立方程确定了相应的隐式有限差分系数,使得差分系数能在更大频率范围符合波场传播规律.通过频散分析和正演模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

雄安新区地热水的化学场特征及影响因素分析

【研究目的】雄安新区地热水化学场特征及其影响因素对了解区域地热资源聚敛机制具有重要意义。【研究方法】在区内5个主要构造单元（容城凸起、牛驼镇凸起、霸县凹陷、保定凹陷和高阳低凸起）开展地热水水化学采样和测试分析工作。【研究结果】研究区内主要分布有砂岩热储和岩溶热储,水化学类型以Cl-Na型和Cl·HCO₃-Na为主。从浅入深,地热水TDS值呈增大趋势。自西向东,地热水TDS含量表现为增大的趋势,指示着地下水流向。受断裂带导水作用影响,部分深部雾迷山组与馆陶组地热水发生混合现象。雾迷山组岩溶热储地热水的变质系数和脱硫系数低,热储封闭性较好,处于相对还原状态,而馆陶组和明化镇组砂岩热储地热水封闭性相对较差。【结论】区内地下水化学场主要受水岩相互作用程度、断裂、储层封闭性等因素影响。研究成果对于认识雄安新区地热资源、科学合理开发利用地热能,推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖具有重要意义。