A method for the interpolation of nonnegative functions with an application to contaminant load estimation

The objective of this work is to extend kriging, a geostatistical interpolation method, to honor parameter nonnegativity. The new method uses a prior probability distribution based on reflected Brownian motion that enforces this constraint. The work presented in this paper focuses on interpolation problems where the unknown is a function of a single variable (e.g. time), and is developed both for the case with and without measurement error in the available data. The algorithms presented for conditional simulations are computationally efficient, particularly in the case with no measurement error. We present an application to the interpolation of dissolved arsenic concentration data from the North Fork of the Humboldt River, Nevada.     

大口径岩芯取样器的研制

介绍了大口径岩芯取样器设计工作原理,使用注意事项。取直径500 mm龙兴村二队深水井基岩样,在孔口操作取样器,使它产生水平推力,最终推断岩芯并取出。     

海底重力取样技术的探讨

对重力取样器的用途、使用及相关技术进行了较全面的介绍,尤其介绍取样作业中的一些实际经验,对该取样器的技术特点、相关技术和未来发展方向进行深入的探讨。     

振动沉管灌注桩施工工艺

介绍了振动沉管灌注桩施工复杂地层的工艺，提高单桩承动力和成孔成桩效率的措施。讨论了取土器取土（砂）问题。评价了振动沉管灌注桩的应用前景。     

High spatial resolution monitoring of benzene and toluene in the Urban Area of Taranto (Italy)

Atmospheric concentrations of benzene and toluene were assessed during three different seasons in the city of Taranto, using Radiello® diffusive samplers, in order to detect the most critical areas and to point out the sources contributing to pollution (vehicular traffic or industrial activities). High spatial resolution maps were built using a grid of 30 meshes drawn on the urban area of the city. For each mesh a monitoring site as representative as possible was chosen. Besides, in order to describe the highest levels of pollutants to which people is exposed, other 10 sampling sites were detected near high vehicular traffic crossroads or in particular critical zones of the city. The measurements of the concentration of these pollutants were carried out with Radiello® diffusive samplers for thermal desorption. The analysis of the results and the comparison between the map of vehicular traffic flows and the map of the concentrations of benzene suggested that in urban area the main benzene source is the traffic and the most significant pollution phenomena happens in zones characterized by narrow roads. Moreover it was possible to observe that high concentrations of benzene found in the NE zone of Taranto could be assigned to the industrial activities. This hypothesis was confirmed considering the diagnostic ratio between the toluene and benzene concentrations.     

Stranded redds of quinnat salmon in the Mathias River,South Island,New Zealand

In May and June 1974 seven naturally made, stranded redds of quinnat salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytsha (Walbaum) were excavated. Ova numbers per redd varied from 2295 to 6510 and per egg pocket from 99 to 1608. Egg pocket depths varied from 18 cm to 43 cm. The ova were found to be healthy.     

Wind tunnel and field calibration of five aeolian sand traps

The efficiency of five aeolian sand samplers was tested via wind tunnel experiments and field measurements. The samplers were: the Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) sampler, the Modified Wilson and Cooke (MWAC) sampler, the Suspended Sediment Trap (SUSTRA), the Pollet catcher (POLCA), and the saltiphone. In the wind tunnel, the samplers were calibrated against an isokinetic sampler (a modified Sartorius SM 16711 sampler with adjustable flow rate), and this for three sand types (median diameter: 132, 194 and 287 μm) and five wind speeds (ranging from 6.6 to 14.4 m s⁻¹). In the field, seven calibration tests of two weeks each were conducted. The absolute efficiencies of the BSNE, MWAC and POLCA are more or less comparable and vary between 70% and 120%, depending on sediment size and wind speed. For the SUSTRA, the efficiency is somewhat lower for fine sands and for wind speeds above 11 m s⁻¹. Finally, the saltiphone can accurately detect the periods of saltation transport, but in its current version, the instrument is not accurate when measuring the absolute saltation flux. The most recommendable sampler in the test is the MWAC, not only because of its high efficiency, but also because its efficiency is independent of wind speed.     

干冰升华式孔底冷冻取样器冷源保冷方法的试验研究

针对已研制的天然气水合物孔底冷冻取样器,为进一步提高取样器干冰冷源的保冷效果,提出干冰冷源双层保冷方法。通过试验研究,证明干冰冷源双层保冷方法可大幅度提高干冰在井内的保存时间,可以将此方法应用于取样器的设计。     

新型钻孔煤心采取器

煤心采取质量是影响煤田地质勘探成果质量的重要因素,本文介绍一种深孔(500~1000m)煤心采取器,其煤心采取率达到90%以上,且能保证煤心样品的代表性。     

SQY-1型水文水井定深取样器的研制与应用

介绍了SQY-1型水文水井定深取样器的性能特点及适用性,阐述了其工作原理和使用方法。该定深取样器的成功应用,有效地解决了在复合含水层且水质变化较大的井孔采集水样难题,准确反映了不同地层埋深的含水层水质的真实情况,为水文地质调查工作特别是对不同含水层水质的判别提供了一种新的取样工具。