焦家金矿选厂旋流器溢流产品工艺矿物学分析

焦家金矿选矿厂目前的日处理量达12000吨/天,金回收率92%。选矿厂已将破碎段产品用双螺旋分级机洗矿,洗矿的矿泥产率为7%,矿泥单独浮选,整体工艺初步实现了泥砂分选。为进一步提高选金回收率,流程改造拟将磨矿-浮选系统的旋流器溢流产品二次分级,分级的次生矿泥与洗矿矿泥进入矿泥浮选系统一并浮选,为了掌握旋流器溢流产品的性质,本文采用偏光反光两用显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱和差热分析等手段进行研究。研究结果表明矿物种类主要是金属硫化物和脉石矿物,金属硫化物约占4%,脉石约占96%,金属硫化物主要是黄铁矿(70.17%)和黄铜矿(16.27%),脉石主要是石英(47.12%)和长石(15.90%)。黄铁矿和石英是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿含金65%,石英含金20%。颗粒越细,单体颗粒含量越高,连生体颗粒含量越少;颗粒越细,黄铁矿含量越高,Au、Ag分布率越高,-0.037 mm粒级中黄铁矿含量达到73.58%,Au、Ag占到47.99%和56.60%,金分配率与黄铁矿含量成正相关;粗粒级中未发现金颗粒,中等粒级中次显微金约占30%,细粒级中次显微金约40%,金粒径在2~10μm范围内;金形状有三角形、棱角状、小粒状、不规则状等。红外光谱与差热曲线研究发现颗粒越细矿物成分趋于复杂。研究结论为磨矿分级产生的次生矿泥浮选调控提供了依据,对矿泥浮选的药剂制度调控、浮选流程确定等具有重要实际意义。     

天然气水合物粉晶X射线衍射测试参数优化及分析方法

天然气水合物是由烃类气体和水在低温高压下形成的一种非化学计量的笼型晶体水合物,在常温常压下极易分解,需要在低温条件下对其进行测试。本文针对天然气水合物这一特殊样品,重点研究其粉晶X射线衍射测试条件,系统地探讨了步长、扫描速度、累加次数及测试温度等因素对测试结果的影响,优化了仪器参数,建立了粉晶X射线衍射测试天然气水合物晶体结构的方法,并应用到实验合成的甲烷水合物和我国南海珠江口盆地钻获的天然气水合物样品的晶体结构测试中。结果表明,我国南海珠江口盆地的天然气水合物样品与实验合成的甲烷水合物结构相同,均属立方晶系,为典型的Ⅰ型水合物,晶胞参数分别为11.9309×10~(-10)m和11.9135×10~(-10)m。该技术可准确获得天然气水合物的结构信息,为我国天然气水合物的深入研究提供技术支撑。     

应用XRF-SEM-XRD-FTIR等分析测试技术研究丽水蓝色类欧泊(蛋白石)的矿物学与光学特征

直至目前,我国相关欧泊的矿藏及其相应的矿物学特征鲜见报道,近期在浙江丽水缙云地区发现的蓝色类欧泊石引起了宝玉石科研工作者的广泛关注,但此矿物的相关研究至今尚未见论述。本文应用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)结合X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等多种综合检测技术首次对该类蓝色原矿的矿物学及光学变彩性质进行研究。结果表明:XRF分析显示蓝色原矿的主体化学组成为SiO₂(质量含量95%),仅含极少量的Fe₂O₃与Al₂O₃等杂质。同时,蓝色原矿及其相应的热处理后样品局部区域具有明显的变彩特征,主体的化学组成与其光学特征与天然欧泊的组成及变彩效应类同。XRD分析显示原矿粉体的无机相的晶型为方石英相,衍射峰形锐化,该晶体的结构特征明显相异于天然欧泊即微晶类的蛋白石(Opal-CT)、Opal-C与非晶蛋白石类(Opal-A)。此外,样品的红外光谱与天然欧泊间存在一定的频率位移。鉴于此,初步将该类原矿归属为类欧泊,因蓝色原矿所在地丽水缙云地区属于中生代陆相火山岩的地质,因此进一步将该原矿命名为一类火山岩类的类欧泊石,而有关此类欧泊是否可以归属为广义上的欧泊有待再作商榷。同时基于对蓝色原矿有无变彩效应区域的FE-SEM测试结论,本文初步推测该类矿物的光学变彩特征与原矿表面的“叠瓦状”结构形貌有关。     

电子微探针-X射线衍射-扫描电镜研究老挝石岩石矿物学特征

新近发现的老挝石因与寿山石多个品种高度相似,给老挝石的科学定名和印材质量评价带来困难。本文采用常规宝玉石学测试结合电子微探针(EPMA)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)以及扫描电镜(SEM)等矿物谱学分析测试方法,系统解析其化学成分、矿物组成及显微结构特征。结果表明,老挝石由高岭石亚族矿物多型组成,其中主要为高岭石、地开石及其过渡矿物,少量为珍珠陶石。红、黄色老挝石颜色与铁含量呈正相关性,表明铁元素可能为老挝石常见红、黄两色的主要致色原因。老挝石主要组成矿物晶体以不规则鳞片状或假六方片状为主,其粒径越细小、镶嵌越紧密,相应表现为质地细腻和篆刻工艺性能优异,作为印章石的工艺价值也就越高。老挝石的密度(2.58~2.60 g/cm3)及折射率(1.561~1.570)等常规宝石学特征均与地开石型寿山石较为一致,其中颜色鲜艳、结构细腻者可作为优质的篆刻印材新资源。     

基于麦夸特算法的X射线衍射物相定量分析的影响因素研究

X射线衍射物相定量分析方法很多,新近提出的麦夸特算法(Levenberg-Marquardt)在XRD物相定量分析中具有明显的优势,但在实际应用过程中,哪些因素会对该方法计算结果的准确度产生影响仍不清楚。为了指导实际操作过程并提高麦夸特算法在X射线衍射物相定量分析中的准确度和处理效率,本研究通过Matlab软件,将已知配比含量的刚玉、石英、方解石和钠长石与其计算值进行比较,探讨衍射峰强度、衍射峰背底、样品数量等因素对麦夸特算法应用于X射线衍射物相定量分析中计算结果的影响。结果表明:通过前三强峰法的计算结果比通过最强峰法的计算结果具有更高的准确度;由于物相晶体结构及衍射特性的差异,衍射峰背底对不同物相定量结果的影响程度各异,扣除背底后各物相计算结果的准确度整体上都有不同程度的提高;在利用麦夸特算法进行批量分析过程中,当样品数低于一定阈值时,样品数越多,计算结果的准确度提高越明显,但当计算的样品超过一定阈值时准确度不会有明显的提高。     

Finite element method for strong reflection of water waves

In this study, the propagation of monochromatic water waves over an arbitrarily varying topography is numerically investigated. A finite element model is developed by formulating the diffraction of waves caused by depth changes. Not only the propagating mode but also the evanescent modes are included in the model. The model developed is applied to the study of strong reflection of monochromatic waves over a sinusoidally varying topography. Predicted reflection coefficients are compared with those of available laboratory experiments and the eigenfunction expansion method. A very good agreement is observed.     

二维变密度声波波动方程的衍射层析成像

本文将二维声波衍射层析成像原理推广到二维变密度声波波动方程中，导出了在线源激发条件下，不同观测系统的滤波反传播重建算法，取两个以上不同频率值可得到密度和体积模量的成像．数值实例表明，该方法能得到密度和体积模量较满意的成像。     

Study on the plastic deformation and dynamic condition of Hatugou-Qingshuiquan-Gouli ductile shear zone in the eastern section of East KunlunEI北大核心CSCD

The Hatugou-Qingshuiquan-Gouli ductile shear zone recorded multiple cycles of orogeny in the eastern section of East Kunlun. The quartz c-axis fabric and microstructure of samples from the ductile shear zone were analyzed. We discussed the formation mechanism of subducted and crust extension-thinning of continental blocks in the eastern section of East Kunlun. Analysis results show that the deformation temperature of the ductile shear zone was between 380℃ and 650℃, which can be analogue with metamorphisms of middle-high greenschist facies to lower amphibolite facies. The differential stress and strain rate of the ductile shear zone are estimated at 173-509 MPa, 6.93×10-14-1.43×10-8 s-1, respectively, which suggest a possible origin of rapid subduction. Moreover, the deformation temperature, differential stress and strain increase toward the middle of East Kunlun fault zone, which is consistent with the fact that the middle part of the East Kunlun experienced the most intensive ductile shear deformation. The calculations of the kinematic vorticity values of the ductile shear belt show that the early transient kinematic vorticity (0.56-1.00) of ductile shear zone corresponds to the initial stage of the northward subducted southern parts of East Kunlun. In the middle to later stage, the kinematic vorticity (0.25-0.91) should correspond to the collision between southern and northern parts of East Kunlun. The latest C' instantaneous kinematic vorticity (0.19-0.51) corresponds to extensional stage in the post-orogenic setting. The quartz c-axis fabric and the structural characteristics show that the middle part of East Kunlun tectonic belt experienced at least 3 stages of tectonic movements, including the late Caledonian thrusting and left lateral strike slip shearing, the late Hercynian Indosinian thrusting and dextral strike slip shearing and the brittle ductile brittle-left lateral strike slip shearing in the early and later Yanshanian. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Nonlinear wave interaction with a vertical circular cylinder: wave forces

Second-order wave forces on a large diameter vertical circular cylinder, computed according to a semi-analytic nonlinear diffraction theory, are compared to results of 22 laboratory experiments with regular waves. In general, predicted forces agree quite well with measured forces. In most tests, both measured and predicted maximum forces exceeded linear theory by 5 to 15%. In a few cases, however, the measured forces were less than those predicted by linear theory, in contrast to the second-order predictions. It is shown that these results are related to the phasing of various linear and nonlinear wave force components, and are consistent with those obtained by other investigators.     

变形监测中GPS信号衍射误差的环境建模法

信号衍射是GPS结构变形监测的重要误差源之一.GPS天线周围的建筑物是常见的信号衍射体.针对在变形监测中观测环境相对固定之特点,提出一种基于环境模型的衍射误差建模算法.若干试验表明所提方法能有效检测并削弱衍射误差对变形监测结果的影响.