Partitioning particulate absorption coefficient into contributions of phytoplankton and nonalgal particles: A case study in the northern South China Sea

We measured the absorption coefficients of suspended particles (a_p(λ)) during three cruises from coastal waters to open ocean in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The absorption contributions of phytoplankton (a_ph(λ)) and nonalgal particles (a_NAP(λ)) were determined using the methanol extraction method. Based on the dataset of about 360 samples, we examined the spectral relationships of the particle absorption coefficients. The results show that a_p(λ) spectra are well linearly correlated with a_p(443) over the wavebands between 420–650 nm; a_ph(λ) could be well expressed as the second-order quadratic equations of a_ph(443) among the blue-green wavebands, and a_NAP(λ) follows the general exponential function. Based on these spectral relationships, a model was proposed for partitioning the total particulate absorption coefficients into the contributions of phytoplankton and nonalgal particles using the nonlinear optimization method. The model was validated by comparing the computed results with in situ absorption coefficients. In some wavebands, such as 412 nm, 443 nm, 490 nm and 683 nm, we obtained good correlations with the percentage root mean square error (RMSE) values being controlled within 25% and the slopes being closer to 1.0. For samples from coastal waters, the discrepancy was a little large, which might be due to the higher absorption contributions from certain pheopigments. Overall, this model provides us much insight into phytoplankton absorption retrieval from in situ measurements and remote sensing ocean color data.     

GPS监测电离层活动的方法和最新进展

全球定位系统(GPS)可以快速、准确地提供电离层总电子含量(TEC)信息。简要介绍了GPS技术精确测量TEC、监测电离层的原理和方法，指出进行TEC绝对量估计时求解差分群延迟(DCB)的重要性，以及建立多层和实时电离层监测模型的必要性。分析了影响TEC估计的主要误差源，着重介绍了目前GPS监测电离层的最新成果和进展。     

A further study of the method of identifying absorption line systems in QSO spectra

The method of identifying absorption line systems in QSO spectra (Cui et al. 1983; Chen et al. 1983) is further developed here. Certain limitations of the method and their improvements are discussed. Certain other problems requiring further study are pointed out. The improved method is applied to PKS 0528-250, and gives two new absorption line systems Z_a = 0.065 and 0.0345 in addition to the four systems Z_a = 2.8110, 2.8130, 2.5275, 2.1410, consistent with the systems A₁A₂, B, C of Norton et al. (1980). However, the systems D₁, D₂, E, F and G of Chen and Norton (1984) are not recovered. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed.     

Discovery of a variable broad absorption line in the BL Lac object PKS B0138-097

We report the discovery of a broad absorption line (BAL) of ～ 104 km s-1 in width in the previously known BL Lac object PKS 0138-097, which we tentatively identified as an Mg II BAL. This is the first detection of a BAL, which is sometimes seen in powerful quasars with high accretion rates, in a BL Lac object. The BAL was clearly detected in its spectra spanning two epochs at a high luminosity state taken in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), while it disappeared in three SDSS spectra taken at a low lumin...     

双地下物质变化区参数解算方法研究

经典天体测量仪器以铅垂线为基准测量本地的天文经纬度,因而能探测到本地铅垂线的偏转.本地铅垂线的偏转代表着测站周围重力场的变化,而这一变化与地下物质的再分布相关,由此有望帮助了解地下物质变化的情况.将本地的铅垂线偏转(Plumb Line Variation, PLV)与地下物质变化联系起来,建立了双质量体模型.在97°E–107°E和21°N–29°N范围内,考虑了3480个包含正、负质量变化(相对地质背景)的质量体组合算例,并利用差分进化(Differential Evolutionary, DE)算法进行了解算.解算得到的质量体相对于模拟值的位置误差小于米量级,质量误差小于10¹¹kg,结果精度较高.     

南海北部海区非藻类颗粒物吸收系数的变化特性

在2003年10月广东沿岸航次和2004年9月南海北部开放航次数据的基础上,分析了南海北部水体非藻类颗粒物吸收系数(aNAP(λ))的变化。结果显示,沿岸水体的非藻类颗粒物吸收光谱斜率(SNAP)平均值为0.010 3nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 7 nm-1),随叶绿素a浓度的增大呈现出减小的趋势,南海北部开阔海域水体SNAP的平均值为0.009 0 nm-1(标准偏差=0.001 3 nm-1);沿岸水体受陆源性输入的影响较大,表层水体aNAP(440)随盐度的增大而减小,随总悬浮颗粒物(SPM)浓度的增大而增大,aNAP(440)/SPM平均为0.045 m2.g-1;南海北部开阔海域水体非藻类颗粒物的吸收明显偏小,表层水体的aNAP(440)与盐度存在较弱的线性相关,与SPM之间没有表现出明显的相关性,aNAP(440)与叶绿素a浓度之间存在一定的幂指数关系,表明外海水体浮游植物的降解是非藻类颗粒物的主要来源之一。     

焦家金矿选厂旋流器溢流产品工艺矿物学分析

焦家金矿选矿厂目前的日处理量达12000吨/天,金回收率92%。选矿厂已将破碎段产品用双螺旋分级机洗矿,洗矿的矿泥产率为7%,矿泥单独浮选,整体工艺初步实现了泥砂分选。为进一步提高选金回收率,流程改造拟将磨矿-浮选系统的旋流器溢流产品二次分级,分级的次生矿泥与洗矿矿泥进入矿泥浮选系统一并浮选,为了掌握旋流器溢流产品的性质,本文采用偏光反光两用显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱和差热分析等手段进行研究。研究结果表明矿物种类主要是金属硫化物和脉石矿物,金属硫化物约占4%,脉石约占96%,金属硫化物主要是黄铁矿(70.17%)和黄铜矿(16.27%),脉石主要是石英(47.12%)和长石(15.90%)。黄铁矿和石英是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿含金65%,石英含金20%。颗粒越细,单体颗粒含量越高,连生体颗粒含量越少;颗粒越细,黄铁矿含量越高,Au、Ag分布率越高,-0.037 mm粒级中黄铁矿含量达到73.58%,Au、Ag占到47.99%和56.60%,金分配率与黄铁矿含量成正相关;粗粒级中未发现金颗粒,中等粒级中次显微金约占30%,细粒级中次显微金约40%,金粒径在2~10μm范围内;金形状有三角形、棱角状、小粒状、不规则状等。红外光谱与差热曲线研究发现颗粒越细矿物成分趋于复杂。研究结论为磨矿分级产生的次生矿泥浮选调控提供了依据,对矿泥浮选的药剂制度调控、浮选流程确定等具有重要实际意义。     

兰州庄浪河阶地差分GPS测量与构造变形分析

在综合分析兰州庄浪河河流阶地发育和分布特征的基础上,采用高精度差分GPS对Ⅰ～Ⅲ级阶地进行了详细的测量,获得了庄浪河阶地纵横剖面图.结合不同级别阶地年代学资料研究了其构造变形特征,获得了穿越断裂带地区的阶地变形特点、变形带宽度、变形幅度和速率等定量参数.研究表明:兰州庄浪河阶地构造变形主要表现为断裂扩展褶皱模式,阶地变形速率在晚第四纪以来有逐渐加速的特点.     

三轴压力下水与砂岩反应的实验研究

通过饱水砂岩的三轴压缩实验, 研究了含水层砂岩的破裂过程及其伴随的水化学变化, 并探讨了砂岩在蠕变和剪切破裂过程中地震水化异常现象的形成机理。 用离子色谱仪(IC)和等离子原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定了不同压力条件下实验溶液的F^-、 Cl^-、 NO^-₃、 SO^2-₄、 Ca²⁺、 Mg²⁺、 Na⁺浓度。 饱水砂岩在差应力作用下, 随着蠕变时间延长和剪切作用的强化实验, 溶液中主要离子的浓度均有不同程度的增大, 仅Mg²⁺浓度是降低的。 F^-和Cl^-浓度变化最明显, 在2~12小时的蠕变时间内分别增大约10倍和4倍, 而随剪切作用的强化分别增大约5倍和3倍。 这种变化主要与矿物的溶解和流体包裹体的混入有关。 实验结果表明, F^-、 Cl^-和Ca²⁺可作为砂岩含水层地震水化前兆监测的灵敏组分。     

双线偏振多普勒雷达测量精度的理论分析

双线偏振雷达的主要任务之一是定量测量降水，反射率因子ZH、差反射率因子ZDR、差相移率常数K_DP都可以用来反演降雨强度，而K_DP的测量误差大小是影响反演降雨强度效果的关键。本文从理论公式出发，计算和分析了不同方位平均、距离平均、不同谱宽σV等因素对差传播相移ΦDP测量精度的影响。理论计算结果表明:ΦDP的测量误差随着样本对数M、距离平均区间的增大而减小，随σV的增大而增大(σV=1 m/s时例外)，此外，还总结了3种由ΦDP计算K_DP的方法，并对这3种方法的测量误差进行了比较，发现方法二的测量误差很大，方法一和方法三在一定的条件下都能使K_DP测量精度达到0.1°/km。