岩石电容——电介质电容之一

岩石是电介质之一.发现了岩石具有电容性,就应该探讨电介质是否具有电容性.本文根据岩石充放电一次电压和二次电压得到的岩石电容性给出了电介质电性模型.依据介质为电容电阻串联的新的模型,利用跨学科的前人对黄铜矿、黄铁矿、玻璃、云母、琥珀以及聚乙烯胶囊的时间域和频率域实验数据进行验证,并进一步与介电常数经典理论对比验证.验证结果表明,新模型的电性参数关系与黄铜矿、黄铁矿、玻璃、云母、琥珀及聚乙烯胶囊实测电性参数关系非常吻合;新模型适用于各种时间的弛豫以及直流和交流环境;新模型也完全能表达各种介电常数和电损耗的关系.主要结论有,介质是漏电的含有内阻的电容;它可以看作若干含内阻电容和漏电电阻的并联电路;介质的阻抗及等效电容取决于介质的电容、电容内电阻、介质电阻及频率;岩石电容是电介质电容的一种.     

Estimating canopy water content using hyperspectral remote sensing data

Hyperspectral remote sensing has demonstrated great potential for accurate retrieval of canopy water content (CWC). This CWC is defined by the product of the leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) and the leaf area index (LAI). In this paper, in particular the spectral information provided by the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm for estimating and predicting CWC was studied using a modelling approach and in situ spectroradiometric measurements. The relationship of the first derivative at the right slope of the 970 nm water absorption feature with CWC was investigated with the PROSAIL radiative transfer model and tested for field spectroradiometer measurements on two test sites. The first site was a heterogeneous floodplain with natural vegetation like grasses and various shrubs. The second site was an extensively grazed fen meadow.     

The thermal history of the intergalactic medium

At redshifts z ≳2, most of the baryons reside in the smooth intergalactic medium which is responsible for the low column density Ly α forest. This photoheated gas follows a tight temperature–density relation which introduces a cut-off in the distribution of widths of the Ly α absorption lines ( b -parameters) as a function of column density. We have measured this cut-off in a sample of nine high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio quasar spectra and determined the thermal evolution of the intergalactic medium in the redshift range 2.0–4.5. At a redshift z ∼3, the temperature at the mean density shows a peak and the gas becomes nearly isothermal. We interpret this as evidence for the reionization of He  ii .     

叠前三维地震近地表吸收补偿技术在大庆油田的应用研究(英文)

与深层致密岩石相比,相对疏松的近地表地层严重吸收了地震波的高频成分,降低了地震数据的分辨率和高频成分的信噪比。本文利用井中雷管激发、地面检波器接收的微测井直达波资料,通过分析近地表地层不同传播距离的地震直达波频谱信息差异,采用维纳滤波方法,进行近地表吸收补偿反滤波器的求取,将不同微测井测量点对应的近地表吸收补偿反滤波器应用于相应的叠前共检波点道集地震数据,完成了叠前地震数据的空变吸收衰减补偿,克服了叠后地震数据无法实现空变补偿的难题。叠前三维地震近地表吸收补偿后的数据,较补偿前地震数据的优势信噪比频带宽度明显拓宽,低频成分基本保持,反射信息量有较大程度增加,而且与合成记录吻合更好,能更好的满足地质解释的需要,提高解释精度。     

减震缓冲器的设计构想

应用隔震原理可以起到减轻地震作用力的效果。在实际应用中将隔震原理转化为隔震技术,需要解决好相应的技术问题。为此,本文在这方面做了一些探索,设计了一种专用装置——减震缓冲器。该装置是通过设置核心部件——弹力钢球,使其与隔震支座配合作用,既较好地起到了化解、缓冲部分地震波的作用,同时也解决了在单独使用隔震支座时可能遇到的问题。     

Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of the Oxime Carbamante Insecticide Alanycarb

As basis for the development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of the insecticide alanycarb, a study of the differential pulse polarographic (DPP) reduction of alanycarb on a dropping mercury electrode (DME) was performed. The pesticide was found to give a single DP peak over the pH range 1.0 to 6.0 and the pH dependency of the peak potential showed a linear segment with a slope of 65.2 mV (at 20°C). For the analytical DPP method running at pH 6.0 (peak at –503.4 mV), the relationship between the peak current and alanycarb concentration was linear in the range of 1.10 to 9.76 μg mL^–1 with a detection limit of 0.33 μg mL^–1. The proposed method was applied for the determination of alanycarb in spiked dam water and orange juice samples. The recoveries calculated for both types of dam water and orange juice samples spiked with 12.0 μg mL^–1 alanycarb were 96.3 and 99.0% with relative standard deviations of 5.2 and 1.3%, respectively. The sufficiently good recoveries and low relative standard deviations for the data reflect the high accuracy and precision of the proposed differential pulse polarographic method. The effects of diverse metal ions and other commonly used pesticides on the determination of alanycarb were also investigated.     

考虑上部结构的桩筏基础非线性共同作用分析

当前虽然已有考虑桩筏非线性的设计,但仍无人在此基础上,考虑上部结构。因此考虑上部结构,进一步认识其与桩筏基础非线性共同作用机理,优化桩筏基础设计,具有重要的现实意义。本文以子结构法凝聚上部结构的荷载及刚度,以平面壳体单元模拟筏板,按有限层法模拟桩土之间的弹性相互作用,用广义剪切位移法模拟桩的非线性工作性状,建立了一种考虑上部结构共同作用的桩筏基础非线性分析方法,并编制了分析程序。通过实例分析,探讨了上部结构与桩筏基础非线性共同作用的机理,研究了合理布桩方式,探讨了以差异沉降为目标的优化设计的可能途径。     

“引江济太”水系有色溶解有机质的特征与来源

在"引江济太"水系的调查基础上,分析了有色溶解有机质(CDOM)的吸收光谱、荧光特性及其主要来源,探讨了CDOM与pH、DO、叶绿素a等水质指标的关系。结果表明:水体吸收系数a(355)与CDOM浓度呈显著正相关,均具有明显的空间差异,它们在河道出入湖口及开阔湖区较低,而在望虞河和太浦河中游较高,这显然与中游河道受纳了两岸污水有关,S值也表明望虞河受外源输入影响最大。通过三维荧光激发-发射矩阵(EEM)分析,发现了5种荧光团,包括2种类蛋白荧光团和3种类腐殖质荧光团,其中类蛋白荧光(特别是T峰)明显强于类腐殖质荧光。研究发现,水体DO浓度、pH值均随CDOM浓度呈指数函数递减。荧光指数(FI)明显偏向生物来源(约1.9),因此,"引江济太"水系CDOM以生物的本地生产为主,河道局部污染水体中的类腐殖质荧光可能来源于污水微生物对藻类产生的溶解有机质的转化,在局部河道中也有一定的外源输入。