孔间电磁波CT法在左江电站火成岩坝基风化结构评价中的应用

孔间电磁波CT法不仅在岩溶探测以及岩浆岩地层岩石风化界面的探测,有广阔的应用前景。针对左江电站坝基岩浆岩地层的霏细岩,岩石中含石英、长石、蒙脱石等矿物,加上应力作用易隐存风化界面及软弱夹层,直接影响坝基安全。提出运用不断改进的孔间电磁波法及CT处理软件,对所获数据进行反演成像,结果显示,实际观测的吸收系数值与岩样测试结果基本吻合。在所探查的3对钻孔剖面,数字图像清晰给出了岩石结构和风化层界面深度,结果已得到钻探验证,为左江电站坝基帷幕灌浆深度提供了可靠依据。     

低频激振器楼面激振试验研究

本文对一座六层双向单跨的1:4钢框架模型进行土槽中低频激振器楼面激振试验,根据牛顿第二定律和作用力与反作用力原理,将激振器输出的信号转化为作用在结构上的动力作用,研究上部动力荷载作用下土与结构的动力相互作用。对采集的信号进行频谱分析和时域分析,研究体系的基频和模型顶层的加速度和位移反应,并与刚性地基上的结果进行比较。结果表明,土与结构的相互作用能有效降低体系的动力反应。考虑SSI效应时,大刚度结构对顶层加速度的削弱及位移的放大可能小于小刚度结构,这种削弱作用的大小主要是由结构的刚重比来决定。     

The proportions and variations of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components in the East China Sea

The East China Sea (ECS),one of the largest continental seas,has dynamic hydrology and complex optical characteristics that make ocean color remote-sensing retrieval difficult.The distributions and proportions of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components based on two large-scale investigations in the ECS are presented,showing these features in typical summer and winter seasons.The absorption coefficient a CDOM,a NAP and a phy of colored dissolved organic matter,non-algal particle,and pigment of phytoplankton show a decreasing trend from the coast to the outer shelf.According to the a CDOM distribution at 440 nm,the Changjiang River plume shows an abnormal southeastward transport.An extremely high a NAP value patch at 440 nm is present in the middle coast.The chlorophyll-a-specific phytoplankton pigment absorption (a phy) is much higher in winter than in summer,which may cause serious underestimated results when applying the averaged a phy into remote-sensing algorithms for chlorophyll concentration retrieval.The importance of phytoplankton size was evident in outer shelf waters.The absorption of a CDOM (440) is a dominant component accounting for over half of the total seawater absorption in summer.The a NAP (440) accounts for 64% of the absorption of the ECS coastal area in winter.     

电磁波层析成像技术在复杂地质边坡工程勘察中的应用研究

复杂的边坡工程地质条件决定了建设摩崖石刻工程的位置和规模,但边坡上发育的崩塌、坠石等地质灾害和多变的地形地貌条件严重影响了边坡地质工程勘察的安全性、准确性和勘察技术方法的有效性,本文应用孔间电磁波层析成像技术探测和评价边坡工程内破碎带、岩溶以及岩体完整性变化等地质工程问题以及地质解释的关键技术.电磁波衰减特征及电磁波衰减吸收系数的变化趋势和异常结构特征可以有效地反映边坡岩体内节理发育带、岩溶以及场区具控制作用的溶蚀断裂带的发育深度及影响范围,评价边坡岩体完整性的垂向分带和空间分区特征,为边坡工程建造提供科学依据.     

Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel in Water

A method for the determination of nickel in water was developed. The procedure involves preconcentration of nickel by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. The Ni(II) ions were extracted in chloroform in the form of complex with the reagent 2‐(2′‐benzothiazolylazo)‐p‐cresol. Ethanol was used as the disperser solvent. After injection of the extracting mixture in a solution of nickel, a cloudy mixture was observed. A quick centrifugation induces phase separation and thus the settling of rich phase. The nickel content in the rich phase is measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection and quantification obtained were 1.4 and 4.7 µg L^?1, respectively. Some parameters used to characterize preconcentration systems, such as enrichment factor and consumption index were calculated and resulted in 29 and 0.34 mL, respectively. After optimization of variables and determination of analytical characteristics, the method was used for the analysis of certified reference materials (BCR‐713: wastewater, effluent and BCR‐414: plankton) and real water samples.     

Phytoplankton size class derived from phytoplankton absorption and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the northern South China Sea

A previously developed model was modified to derive three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano-, and pico-phytoplankton) from the overall chlorophyll-a concentration, assuming that each class has a specific absorption coefficient. The modified model performed well using in-situ data from the northern South China Sea, and the results were reliable and accurate. The relative errors of the size-fractioned chlorophyll-a concentration for each size class were: micro-: 21%, nano-: 41%, pico-: 26%, and nano+pico: 23%. The model was then applied on ocean color remote sensing data to examine the distribution and variation of phytoplankton size classes in northern South China Sea on a large scale.     

大理岩冲击加载试验碎块的分形特征分析

应用分形几何的方法对冲击加载试验中大理岩破碎块度分布进行统计分析。结果表明,大理岩的冲击破碎块度分布具有分形特征,采用破碎分形维数对岩石破碎过程进行定量描述,可以合理地反映大理岩冲击破碎的程度;大理岩的平均破碎块度与冲击加载速率有着较强的相关性,随着加载速率的提高迅速减小;建立了能量吸收与破碎分维的关系,从能量吸收的角度可以较好地解释破碎分维的变化规律。破碎分维是评价岩石冲击破碎块度分布的理想指标,可较为全面地反映岩石冲击破碎的全过程。     

The relation between Lyman α absorbers and gas-rich galaxies in the local Universe

We use high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the spatial correlation between weak  ( N _{H  i} < 10¹⁵ cm⁻²)  Lyα absorbers and gas-rich galaxies in the local Universe. We confirm that Lyα absorbers are preferentially expected near gas-rich galaxies and that the degree of correlation increases with the column density of the absorber. The real-space galaxy auto-correlation is stronger than the cross-correlation (correlation lengths   r _0,gg= 3.1 ± 0.1 Mpc  h ⁻¹  and   r _0,ag= 1.4 ± 0.1 Mpc  h ⁻¹  , respectively), in contrast with the recent results of Ryan-Weber, and the auto-correlation of absorbers is very weak. These results are robust to the presence of strong galactic winds in the hydrodynamical simulations. In redshift space, a further mismatch arises since at small separations the distortion pattern of the simulated galaxy–absorber cross-correlation function is different from the one measured by Ryan-Weber. However, when sampling the intergalactic medium along a limited number of lines-of-sight, as in the real data, uncertainties in the cross-correlation estimates are large enough to account for these discrepancies. Our analysis suggests that the statistical significance of difference between the cross-correlation and auto-correlation signal in current data sets is ∼1σ only.     

The quasar-frame velocity distribution of narrow C iv absorbers

We report on a survey for narrow (full widths at half-minimum <600 km s⁻¹) C  iv absorption lines in a sample of bright quasars at redshifts  1.8 ≤ z < 2.25  in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our main goal is to understand the relationship of narrow C  iv absorbers to quasar outflows and, more generally, to quasar environments. We determine velocity zero-points using the broad Mg  ii emission line, and then measure the absorbers' quasar-frame velocity distribution. We examine the distribution of lines arising in quasar outflows by subtracting model fits to the contributions from cosmologically intervening absorbers and absorption due to the quasar host galaxy or cluster environment. We find that a substantial number (  ≥43 ± 6  per cent) of absorbers with   W ^λ1548₀ > 0.3  Å in the velocity range  +750 ≲ v ≲+ 12 000  km s⁻¹ are intrinsic to the active galactic nucleus outflow. This 'outflow fraction' peaks near   v =+2000  km s⁻¹ with a value of   f _outflow≃ 0.81 ± 0.13  . At velocities below   v ≈+ 2000  km s⁻¹, the incidence of outflowing systems drops, possibly due to geometric effects or to the over-ionization of gas that is nearer the accretion disc. Furthermore, we find that outflow absorbers are on average broader and stronger than cosmologically intervening systems. Finally, we find that ∼14 per cent of the quasars in our sample exhibit narrow, outflowing C  iv absorption with   W ^λ1548₀ > 0.3  Å, slightly larger than that for broad absorption line systems.