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81.
本文通过对地形通视分析的基本设想的描述及其实践途径中有关问题的探讨,结合实例阐明了计算机自动进行通视分析的基本方法和处理技巧,并附有具体程序。 相似文献
82.
Laboratory experiments under controlled environmental conditions are a useful tool to investigate the influence of different environmental parameters on VOC emissions from plants individually. Before using the obtained results to interpret measurements under ambient conditions, it has to be ensured that the laboratory system is suitable for performing emission rate measurements under ambient-like conditions to derive algorithms describing the emissions of volatile organic compounds as a function of physical variables like temperature and light intensity. Here we compare results from monoterpene emission rate measurements with Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) under both ambient environmental conditions using a mobile plant enclosure chamber, and under controlled laboratory conditions in a continuously stirred tank reactor. The different analytical instruments to quantify monoterpene emissions were compared in an intercalibration experiment. Measurements of the mixing ratios of -pinene, -pinene, 3-carene, camphene, and limonene on the order of some hundred parts per trillion differed by less than 20%. The laboratory system has proven capable of providing ambient-like conditions and results of monoterpene emission rate measurements under laboratory conditions could be extrapolated to the natural environment. Monoterpene emission rate measurements with identical specimens of Scots pines conducted within small temporal differences under similar laboratory and outdoor conditions agreed well. Both laboratory and outdoor experiments clearly showed that distinct and constant values neither exist for the standard emission rates nor for the emission pattern of monoterpenes from Scots pine. Temporal variations in the standard emission rates from identical specimens and plant-to-plant variations were on the order of one magnitude. 相似文献
83.
84.
玉龙斑岩铜矿含矿与非含矿斑岩元素和同位素地球化学对比研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
地质地球化学对比研究表明,玉龙含矿与非舍矿斑岩是由岩石圈地慢中交代成因的金云母-石榴石单斜辉石岩脉发生不同程度部分熔融而形成的。分矿斑岩是最早阶段熔融体,主要是由交代成因脉中副矿物(如磷灰石和碳酸盐矿物等)和舍水矿物金云母发生部分熔融而形成的,因而富含 F、Cl 和水等挥岌份,加上该阶段岩浆具有高氧化性特征,从而富含 Cu 等成矿元素;非含矿斑岩是交代成固咏相对较高熔融程度的产物,单斜辉石和石榴石介入了熔融作用,岩浆熔体相对贫乏F、Cl 和水等挥发份,加上该阶段岩浆具有较低的 f_(0_2),从而不利于成矿。斑岩体全岩的 F 和 Cl 含量(舍矿斑岩 F>1200 ppm,Cl>150 ppm;非含矿斑岩 F<1200 ppm,Cl<150 ppm)、K_2O/Na_2O(含矿斑岩>1.2,非含矿斑岩<1.2)和 Sm/Yb(含矿斑岩>6.5,非含矿斑岩<6.5)比值以及黑云母中的 Fe~(3 )/Fe~(2 )比值(含矿斑岩>0.7,非舍矿斑岩<0.7)是区分含矿与非含矿斑岩的重要地球化学参数。含矿斑岩与非分矿斑岩具有非常相似的 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素组成,,表明含矿与非含矿班岩具有相同的源区。 相似文献
85.
应用酒泉、张掖、武威实况资料,从作物的各个生长发育期进行了对比分析,结果表明强冷空气爆发是造成冻害的直接原因,前期气温异常偏高使农作物生育期提前、气温和地温较低加剧了冻害程度。并提出了防御冻害发生的有效措施。 相似文献
86.
87.
Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Donald O. Rosenberry Thomas C. Winter Donald C. Buso Gene E. Likens 《Journal of Hydrology》2007,340(3-4):149-166
Few detailed evaporation studies exist for small lakes or reservoirs in mountainous settings. A detailed evaporation study was conducted at Mirror Lake, a 0.15 km2 lake in New Hampshire, northeastern USA, as part of a long-term investigation of lake hydrology. Evaporation was determined using 14 alternate evaporation methods during six open-water seasons and compared with values from the Bowen-ratio energy-budget (BREB) method, considered the standard. Values from the Priestley–Taylor, deBruin–Keijman, and Penman methods compared most favorably with BREB-determined values. Differences from BREB values averaged 0.19, 0.27, and 0.20 mm d−1, respectively, and results were within 20% of BREB values during more than 90% of the 37 monthly comparison periods. All three methods require measurement of net radiation, air temperature, change in heat stored in the lake, and vapor pressure, making them relatively data intensive. Several of the methods had substantial bias when compared with BREB values and were subsequently modified to eliminate bias. Methods that rely only on measurement of air temperature, or air temperature and solar radiation, were relatively cost-effective options for measuring evaporation at this small New England lake, outperforming some methods that require measurement of a greater number of variables. It is likely that the atmosphere above Mirror Lake was affected by occasional formation of separation eddies on the lee side of nearby high terrain, although those influences do not appear to be significant to measured evaporation from the lake when averaged over monthly periods. 相似文献
88.
Dieter Kelletat Sander R. Scheffers Anja Scheffers 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):413-431
The Andaman-Sumatra Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. An earthquake of
9 to 9.3 on the Richter scale, the extension of waves over more than 5000 km of ocean and run-ups up to 35 m are its key features.
These characteristics suggest significant changes in coastal morphology and high sediment transport rates. A field survey
along the west coast of Thailand (Phuket Island, Khao Lak region including some Similan Islands, Nang Pha mangrove areas and
Phi Phi Don Islands) seven to nine weeks after the tsunami, however, discovered only small changes in coastal morphology and
a limited amount of dislocated sediments, restricted to the lower meters of the tsunami waves. This is in striking contrast
to many paleo-tsunami's events of the Atlantic region. Explanations for this discrepancy are sought in:
a. Mechanics of the earthquake. A rather slow shock impulse on the water masses over the very long earthquake zone,
b. Shallow water in the earthquake zone, and
c. Bathymetry of the foreshore zone at the impacted sites. Shallow water west of Thailand has diminished wave energy significantly.
The differences in geomorphological and sedimentological signatures of this tsunami compared with many paleo-tsunami worldwide
makes it unsuitable to be used as a model for old and future tsunami imprints by an event of this extreme energy and extension. 相似文献
89.
对流层高层偏北气流在梅雨暴雨中的作用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
文中对江淮梅雨暴雨过程中的高低空流场特征及物理过程进行分析.结果表明:对流层上部青藏高原东侧常有高空偏北大风轴汇入南亚东风急流中.在这支强北风轴北端发现高空辐散和辐散的增长.亦即有利于低层辐合上升的持续、发展和加强;表明了低层西南急流与高空青藏高压东侧的偏北强风轴之间的次级环流圈,有利于梅雨暴雨的持续. 相似文献
90.
Guimei WAN Liangjie TANG Wenzheng JIN . Basin Reservoir Research Centre China University of Petroleum Beijing China. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China 《东北亚地学研究》2007,10(2):156-165
Compared Kuqa foreland basin with Persian Gulf Basin in development of salt layers, salt tectonics, and the relation between salt tectonics and hydrocarbon, it is concluded that the salt diapirs are relative to hydrocarbon. Searching salt diapirs and related traps in Kuqa foreland basin is important. The forming mechanism of salt tectonic in Kuqa foreland basin is different from that of Hormuz Series, but similar to that of Lower Fars Series/Gachsaran Formation. Inspired by the role of salt tectonics of Lower Fars Series/Gachsaran Formation in hydrocarbon accumulation, the authors considered that the exploration below salt layer should be enforced, and the traps below salt layer in the southern part of the Kuqa foreland basin would be found where salt layer is thicker. On the contrary, the traps should be found both above and below the salt layer in front of the northern mountain where salt layer is thin. The Triassic and Jurassic source rocks are rich in this area with great exploration prospective. 相似文献