塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地逐日太阳总辐射模拟计算 -以达理雅博依绿洲为例

基于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地面积最大的天然孤立绿洲达理雅博依2015年1月—2016年2月太阳总辐射观测资料,运用H.L.Penman经验公式模拟计算了该地区2015年逐日总辐射累计量,模拟值与实测值的误差分析显示:本气候学方法成功模拟了沙漠腹地总辐射的年内变化趋势。使用模拟值估算得到达理雅博依绿洲2015年太阳总辐射累计量约为5 332.23 MJ·m-2。又以相同方法模拟了塔中气象站2015年3—5月总辐射变化,结果较达理雅博依的模拟更接近实测值,说明本模拟在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同地点结果有效。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系

对腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘主、副梁和新月形沙丘断面风速的野外观测结果表明,迎风坡风速放大率、背风坡气流的方向和强度随区域气流、坡面形态而不同。迎风坡风速放大率对沙丘形态的作用在于增加丘顶区域的输沙率和活动性;背风坡气流不仅影响沙丘形态而且控制沙丘动力学过程。在横向气流条件下,风速放大率使沙丘迎风坡随区域气流强度的增加变长变缓,背风坡受分离流控制使沙丘迁移;在双向－斜向气流条件下,沙丘丘顶处于侵蚀亚环境而两坡变陡变短,背风坡受附着偏向流控制使沙丘纵向延伸。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地天然植被调查研究

调查研究表明:塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地非河流影响区域,天然植物隶属于9科、12属、12种。生长型以多年生草本为主,占50%。建群种植物区系以塔里木特有种为主。绝大多数植物为风媒植物,根蘖能力很强。植物群落分为4个群系、9个群丛。多年生草本群落常由纯种群构成单优群落,灌木群落结构松散。随着沙丘的移动与掩埋,植物群落周而复始的生存于丘间地。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠地下水矿化度与电导率关系的研究

用数理统计的方法推导水质矿化度与电导率的回归方程, 并绘制其关系曲线。经测定, 新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠84°E沿线水化学类型主要为Cl^-·SO₄^2--Na⁺, 通过推导得出, 25℃情况下, 当电导率为4.5~12ms/cm, 矿化度依电导率的回归方程为: y=-0.3016+0.6936x; 当电导率<5.4ms/cm, y=-0.171+0.6833x, 建立矿化度与电导率的关系后, 测定地下水的电导率, 即可获得待测样的矿化度, 为野外考察或定点观测提供获得地下水矿化度的简便、快速而准确的方法。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘形态示量特征及其影响因素

对腾格里沙漠东南缘主要类型沙丘形态示量及其影响因素分析认为,沙丘高度与间距之间具有明显的幂函数关系,而且这种关系所反映的沙丘动态(加积或前移)随沙丘类型、分布而异。影响沙丘规模与间距的因素比较复杂,粒度的影响没有普遍性;背风侧次生气流尺度对简单横向沙丘具有一定的控制作用;输沙率的影响表现在,各尺度等级风成床面形态及规模对输沙率的变化具有不同时空尺度的响应。     

兰州第四纪黄土/古土壤序列物源演变: 来自于碳酸盐矿物的证据*

黄土/古土壤的物源研究对于揭示第四纪气候变化和青藏高原隆升历史具有重要意义。本研究以位于黄土高原西部1.4 Ma以来的兰州黄土/古土壤沉积序列为研究对象,基于X射线衍射技术分析了黄土/古土壤中的主要矿物组成,侧重于碳酸盐矿物含量,追溯了兰州黄土/古土壤的直接物源。结果显示: (1)1.4 Ma以来兰州地区黄土/古土壤沉积物的主要直接源区为柴达木盆地沙漠区和阿拉善干旱区。(2)基于二元混合模型计算的潜在原始源区对兰州黄土白云石和总碳酸盐矿物的相对贡献率以及长石与石英比值结果一致支持1.4 Ma以来兰州黄土原始物源发生了多次变化。1.4~1.1 Ma和0.9~0.3 Ma青藏高原东北缘造山带(昆仑山、祁连山)和中亚造山带对兰州黄土的贡献相当,而1.1~0.9 Ma和0.3 Ma以来,中亚造山带对兰州黄土的物源贡献增加,这可能分别是对中更新世气候转型和0.3 Ma以来青藏高原及邻近地区干冷气候增强的响应。1.15 Ma和0.8 Ma兰州黄土/古土壤中高的白云石含量、碳酸盐矿物总含量以及0.8 Ma长石与石英比值的快速升高可能是对“昆黄运动”的响应,进而造成了昆仑山、祁连山对黄土高原物源贡献的增加。     

Paleomagnetic and palynologic analyses of Albian to Santonian strata at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant, and Khuren Dukh, eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia

Cretaceous terrestrial sediments deposited in a series of intracratonic basins across the Gobi Desert region of southern Mongolia and northern China contain a unique and diverse vertebrate fauna. In 1996 an expedition jointly sponsored by the Mongolian Paleontological Center and the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences revisited a number of famous vertebrate fossil localities in the eastern Gobi region of Mongolia and, as part of a broad geological and paleontological study, collected a series of paleomagnetic samples from measured sections at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant and Khuren Dukh, as well as from an unmeasured locality adjacent to Khuren Dukh. Expedition members also collected palynologic samples from Khuren Dukh and the adjacent locality. Paleomagnetic analysis shows that all the sites from which samples were collected display detrital remnant magnetization that is consistently normal in polarity. The measured Cretaceous magnetic directions are oriented to the east or northeast of the present day expected direction (declination 356.2°, inclination 65.2°), and they are wholly concordant with that expected for a mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere sampling locality, and with the directions for this period reported by other workers. These results, when considered in tandem with the known biostratigraphy, strongly suggest that the sedimentary deposits at all four localities in the eastern Gobi correlate to the normal polarity chron 34 (the Cretaceous Long Normal), which ranges in age from approximately 121 to 83.5 million years. Previous vertebrate, invertebrate and palynological data from Khuren Dukh suggest that the lower and middle parts of the stratigraphic interval exposed there (which have been assigned to the Shinekhudag Formation) are ‘Khukhtekian’ in age and correspond to the Aptian–Albian interval that can be broadly correlated to the older, Early Cretaceous part of the Cretaceous Long Normal, C34n. New palynologic data presented here indicate that these strata are no older than middle to late Albian. The rocks at Bayn Shireh (the Bayn Shireh Formation) have been assigned a ‘Baynshirenian’ biostratigraphic age that may range from Cenomanian to early Campanian. The magnetostratigraphy results presented here indicate that the strata at both the Bayn Shireh and Burkhant localities do not cross the Santonian/Campanian Stage boundary, however, as this is believed to lie at, or very near, the C34n/C33r reversal boundary. Thus, the Bayn Shireh Formation was most likely deposited near the end of the Cretaceous Long Normal Interval, no later than the latest Santonian.     

高矿化度沙漠湖泊水体的光学特性

沙漠湖泊水体和东部大型湖泊如太湖等存在较大差异.为深入研究沙漠湖泊水体的光学特性,利用腾格里沙漠月亮湖实测水面ASD高光谱数据和同步采集的水样,对水体矿化度与叶绿素a、DOC、悬浮物的含量进行相关性分析,比较沙漠湖泊水体和其它水体的黄色物质、浮游植物、非藻类悬浮物吸收特征光谱,探讨不同波段中水深和矿化度对水体反射率的影...     

黑河地区沙漠气溶胶浓度和谱分布特征

本根据黑河地区的观测结果．着重分析了沙漠气溶胶浓度及其谱分布特征。沙漠气溶胶浓度较低，其中细粒子占绝对优势。扬尘时气溶胶浓度显增加，其中粗粒子增加幅度最大．比平时高20倍以上．直径(D）在2.0-10．0μm间的粗粒子浓度比重从晴天的1.9％上升到9．6％。中等降雨对D>4．0μm的沙漠气溶胶粒子的清除效率非常高(>90％)，但对总浓度的清除效果不很明显(42．5％)，尤其是对其中的D<0．4μm的小粒子(32．8％)，因此0．5相似文献   

The control of wind strength on the barchan to parabolic dune transition

The evolution of barchan-to-parabolic dunes can be driven by vegetation establishment, which may be linked to climate change and/or human activity. However, little is known of the impact of changes in wind strength on vegetation development and the resulting impacts on the evolution of dune morphology and sedimentological characteristics. To address this issue, we studied the morphology and grain-size characteristics of barchan, barchan-to-parabolic and parabolic dunes in the Mu Us Desert in north China, which was combined with an analysis of changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climatic variables during 1982–2018. The results reveal a trend of increasing growing-season NDVI which was related to a significant decrease in drift potential (DP). Therefore, we suggest that the initiation of dune transformation was caused by the reduced wind strength which favored the establishment and development of vegetation. To reveal the response of sedimentological reorganization during the processes of dune transformation, grain-size characteristics along the longitudinal profile of the three different types of dunes were examined. The decreasing wind strength led to the transport of fine sands on the upper part of the windward face of the dunes, resulting in a progressive coarsening of the grain-size distribution (GSD) and a reduction in dune height at the crest area. No distinct trend in sorting and mean grain-size was observed on the windward slope of the barchan-to-parabolic dune, indicating that the sand in transit had little influence on the GSD. Conversely, progressive sorting and coarsening of the sand occurred towards the crest of the parabolic dune. This indicates that vegetation development limited the transport of sand from upwind of the dune, and affected a shift in the dune source material to the underlying source deposits, or to reworked pre-existing aeolian deposits, and resulted in the trapping of sand in the crest area. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.