利用地倾斜异常跟踪预报1989年巴塘震群始末

本文详细地介绍了四川1989年巴塘6.7级震群发生过程中,地倾斜异常特征,临震三要素的判断及其跟踪预报过程,是一篇对该次震群短临预报工作的概括。     

减少有理函数模型中高次项的初步研究

本文简要介绍了有理函数模型(RFM)的原理与方法,给出了利用地面控制点分别针对单片和立体影像的RFM系统误差改正方法。在实际应用中,虽然全三次项形式的RFM可以保证高精度,但是其计算量非常庞大,为此,我们探讨了减少RFM中高次项的可行性,并研究了其在立体模型重构与正射影像纠正中对精度的影响。最后,使用中国西藏、北京和芬兰的三个IKONOS影像立体像对数据进行了相关试验,结果表明,在一定影像范围内,RFM和地形无关,不论是平原、丘陵,还是高山地,在一定影像范围内仅使用RFM的二次项形式可以满足单片正射影像纠正和立体模型重构等应用要求。     

Low temperature recrystallisation of alluvial gold in paleoplacer deposits

Detrital gold particles in paleoplacer deposits develop recrystallised rims, with associated expulsion of Ag, leading to the formation of Ag-poor rims which have been recognised in most placer gold particles around the world. Recrystallisation is facilitated by accumulation of strain energy as the gold particles are deformed, particularly on particle margins, during transportation in a fluvial system. The recrystallisation process ensues after sedimentary deposition and can occur at low temperatures (<40 °C) over long geological time scales (millions of years). In the Otago placer goldfield of southern New Zealand, paleoplacers of varying ages contain gold with varying transport distances and these display differing degrees of rim formation. Narrow (1–10 µm) recrystallised rims with 0–3 wt% Ag formed on gold particles that had been transported <10 km from their source and preserved in Eocene sediments. Relict, coarse grained (∼100 µm) gold particle cores have 3–10 wt% Ag, which is representative of the source gold in nearby basement rocks. Gold in the Miocene paleoplacers was recycled from the Eocene deposits and transported >20 km from their source. The gold particles now have wider recrystallised rims (up to 100 µm), so that some particles have essentially no relict cores preserved. Gold in Cretaceous paleoplacers have wide (∼100 µm) recrystallised low-Ag rims, even in locally-derived particles, partly as a result of diagenetic effects not seen in the younger placers. Gold particles in all the paleoplacers have delicate gold overgrowths that are readily removed during recycling, but are replaced by groundwater dissolution and reprecipitation on a time scale of <1 Ma. The recrystallisation that leads to Ag-poor rim formation is primarily related to the amount of deformation imposed on particles during sedimentary transport, and is therefore broadly linked to transport distance, but is also partly controlled by the age of the paleoplacer on time scales of tens of millions of years. Gold particles that have been derived directly from basement sources can retain their original composition for long distances (tens to hundreds of kilometres) in a river system, with only minor recrystallised rim development. Gold particles that have been recycled through paleoplacer deposits can lose this link to source composition after relatively short transport distances because of extensive recrystallisation.     

A new coring method in deep water

The need for accurate and undisturbed core samples has led to the development of this new coring method with controlled penetration speed (Angel Descent), to minimize the sediment shortening and deformation. The results of the last campaign are herein discussed, analyzing recovery/penetration ratio, acceleration data of the corer during penetration, and logs of magnetic susceptibility on the samples obtained using two different methodologies in the same location. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the two sampling methods, to identify which system allows for less axial deformation of soils and less distortion of the structures, to obtain a geometrically unaltered sedimentary sequence.     

Research Status and Prospect of the Interaction Between Tibetan Plateau Shear Line and Tibetan Plateau Vortex

The Tibetan Plateau Shear Line (TPSL) is usually accompanied by the Tibetan Plateau Vortex (TPV) and this phenomenon is one of the assembled weather systems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surrounding areas. This assembled system plays a very important role in the high impact weather process in the TP and East China. We reviewed the research history and progress of TPVs and TPSLs, and mainly discussed the relationship and interaction mechanism of them. According to the latest research achievement of TPSLs and its relationship with TPVs, the development and application trends of related theory and methods, we proposed several notable new research directions in the field of this study. It is not clear for the relationship and the physical mechanism of the interaction between TPSLs and TPVs as well as some high impact weather initiated by them currently. Therefore, this research work is really quite important for theoretical development of weather dynamics of the TP, and is expected to provide a theoretical guide for severe weather analysis and forecast over the TP and its neighborhood.     

运城MS4.4地震前山西中南部重力场变化特征

基于长基线标定和绝对点实测标定得到的重力仪一次项格值系数,对山西中南部测网2014～2016年流动重力数据进行经典平差计算,得到运城MS4.4地震前0.5 a尺度的重力场变化图像。结果表明,运城MS4.4地震前,重力场经历了区域性重力变化-局部重力变化明显-反向重力变化-发震的演化过程。     

GPS变形监测网的动态数据处理

叙述了用卡尔曼滤波方法处理GPS变形监测网的方法。推导了在地平坐标系中的观测方程和动态方程。实际计算结果表明,卡尔曼滤波可以用于GPS变形监测网的数据处理,其滤波估值精度优于静态平差。     

祁连山构造带的新构造变形机制

论述了祁连山构造带新生代以来的变形过程及形成机制。研究表明： 祁连山构造带的变形过程是在欧亚大陆与印度大陆碰撞汇聚作用下发生和发展的, 其变形过程与整个青藏高原的隆升过程同步进行。其中阿尔金断裂在其东段的走滑贯通对祁连山－ 河西走廊地区的构造运动影响很大。上新世末或第四纪初阿尔金断裂东段的走滑导致了祁连山地区应力场的旋转, 进而增大了沿 Ｎ Ｗ Ｗ 向主断裂的水平走滑分量。它是引起主断裂发生走滑的重要原因之一。