断层形变的应变强度比动态图像与震例综合研究

探索由跨断层水准和基线资料提取应变强度比 (趋势因子 SRT及压性因子 SRC) ,并借助最小二乘配置获得其时空域连续变化的动态图像的方法。利用中国西部甘宁青及川滇地区80年代后期至 2 0 0 0年 7月的最新跨断层形变资料 ,运用该方法获得了研究区的应变强度比动态演化特征 ,结合姚安 (Ms6 .5 )、景泰 (Ms5 .9)等震例进行综合研究 ,给出了中短期强震危险区动态图像预报的判定依据。     

确定海平面长趋势变化方法的讨论

本文讨论了在我国海平面研究中常用的线性回归和滑动平均方法确定平均海平面长趋势变化存在的问题,指出当海平面观测系列包含有周期变化成分时,上述两种方法通常不能得到正确的结果。建议先对观测序列作显著周期分析,然后以线性趋势项与显著周期项拟合观测序列的方法来确定平均海面的长趋势变化。     

Evolution of North Himalayan gneiss domes: structural and metamorphic studies in Mabja Dome, southern Tibet

Field, structural, and metamorphic petrology investigations of Mabja gneiss dome, southern Tibet, suggest that contractional, extensional, and diapiric processes contributed to the structural evolution and formation of the domal geometry. The dome is cored by migmatites overlain by sillimanite-zone metasedimentary rocks and orthogneiss; metamorphic grade diminishes upsection and is defined by a series of concentric isograds. Evidence for three major deformational events, two older penetrative contractional and extensional events and a younger doming event, is preserved. Metamorphism, migmitization, and emplacement of a leucocratic dike swarm were syntectonic with the extensional event at mid-crustal levels. Metamorphic temperatures and pressures range from 500 °C and 150–450 MPa in chloritoid-zone rocks to 705±65 °C and 820±100 MPa in sillimanite-zone rocks. We suggest that adiabatic decompression during extensional collapse contributed to development of migmatites. Diapiric rise of low density migmatites was the driving force, at least in part, for the development of the domal geometry. The structural and metamorphic histories documented in Mabja Dome are similar to Kangmar Dome, suggesting widespread occurrence of these events throughout southern Tibet.     

工程测量学的研究发展方向

本文首先概括了现代工程测量的发展趋势和特点，结合科研、教学和工程实践，对工程测量学科研究发展的三个主要方向即精密工程测量的理论技术与方法、工程的形变监测分析与灾害预报、工程信息系统的建立与应用进行了较深入详细的论述。最后，对工程测量学的发展进行了展望。     

景泰5.9级地震的断层形变异常及中短期预报

初步研究了2000年6月6日甘肃景泰5.9级地震蕴育过程中近源区及外围地区断层形变异常的时空分布特征:震前断层形变异常分布范围广、异常形态复杂，断层形变（应变）类信息指标图象异常区明显．不同地域断层形变异常形态及幅度存在显著差异，与异常所处的构造部位密切相关:海原断裂带西段出现的，，相断层形变异常，显示了近源区断层运动由准线性走向非线性的过程，与断层形变（应变）类信息指标高值异常区相配合，反映蕴震区应变积累程度高；而构造汇聚部位的六盘山断裂带等远场区较大幅度的突跳尖点异常，并不反映所在地的应变积累，而可能是蕴震过程区域构造应力场增强的一个标志．在此基础上，结合对景泰5.9级地震中短期预报经验教训的初步总结，研究和探讨了断层形变异常在震情判定中的应用．      

兰州卫星热红外与短临地震预报(Ⅰ)

甘肃省地震局在兰州观象台建成了专门用于地震预报的极轨气象卫星云图接收站 ,为利用卫星资料进行短临地震预报新方法的探索提供了得天独厚的资料条件。本文主要阐述地面热红外数据反演的基本方法和步骤。     

阿克苏周边地区中、强震前的形变异常特征分析

利用形态分析、一阶差分、矢量合成、固体潮汐分析等方法，对阿克苏周边地区中强地震前的形变异常特征进行了初步分析,发现部分中、强震前出现了较好的短临异常反应，而且异常演化过程比较完整。尤其在Ms≥6．0地震前，异常表现的更为突出。同时，不同地区、不同类型的地震前兆异常图像不尽相同，甚至差异较大。     

Deformation Pattern and Holocene Slip Rate Along the Fukang Fault in Eastern Tianshan,China

The deformation pattern nd Holocene slip rate along the Fukang fault in Eastern Tianshan,China are analyzed and studied using the data obtained in field investigation.The result indicates that the Fukang fault consists of 4 low-angle south-dipping thrust faults with stepover,displaying recent tectonic activity.The movement along the termination parts of the fault is weaker,with an average vertical slip rate of 0.13-0.33mm/a in Holocene,and along the middle part of the fault is stronger,with an average vertical slip rate larger than 1.42mm/a in Holocene.The Holocene deformation pattern along the fault displays generally steady slip,multi-phase intermittent movement along its western segment,and persistent movement along its middle and eastern segments.which have caused rapid dislocation up to the surface in an earlier phase.     

Composition and evolution of lithosphere beneath the Carpathian–Pannonian Region: a review

Our knowledge of the lithosphere beneath the Carpathian–Pannonian Region (CPR) has been greatly improved through petrologic, geochemical and isotopic studies of upper mantle xenoliths hosted by Neogene–Quaternary alkali basalts. These basalts occur at the edge of the Intra-Carpathian Basin System (Styrian Basin, Nógrád-Gömör and Eastern Transylvanian Basin) and its central portion (Little Hungarian Plain, Bakony-Balaton Highland).The xenoliths are mostly spinel lherzolites, accompanied by subordinate pyroxenites, websterites, wehrlites, harzburgites and dunites. The peridotites represent residual mantle material showing textural and geochemical evidence for a complex history of melting and recrystallization, irrespective of location within the region. The lithospheric mantle is more deformed in the center of the studied area than towards the edges. The deformation may be attributed to a combination of extension and asthenospheric upwelling in the late Tertiary, which strongly affected the central part of CPR subcontinental lithosphere.The peridotite xenoliths studied show bulk compositions in the following range: 35–48 wt.% MgO, 0.5–4.0 wt.% CaO and 0.2–4.5 wt.% Al₂O₃ with no significant differences in regard to their geographical location. On the other hand, mineral compositions, particularly of clinopyroxene, vary according to xenolith texture. Clinopyroxenes from less deformed xenoliths show higher contents of ‘basaltic’ major elements compared to the more deformed xenoliths. However, clinopyroxenes in more deformed xenoliths are relatively enriched in strongly incompatible trace elements such as light rare earth elements (LREE).Modal metasomatic products occur as both hydrous phases, including pargasitic and kearsutitic amphiboles and minor phlogopitic micas, and anhydrous phases — mostly clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Vein material is dominated by the two latter phases but may also include amphibole. Amphibole mostly occurs as interstitial phases, however, and is more common than phlogopite. Most metasomatized peridotites show chemical and (sometimes) textural evidence for re-equilibration between metasomatic and non-metasomatic phases. However, amphiboles in pyroxenites are sometimes enriched in K, Fe and LREE. The presence of partially crystallized melt pockets (related to amphiboles and clinopyroxenes) in both peridotites and pyroxenites is an indication of decompression melting and, rarely, incipient partial melting triggered by migrating hydrous melts or fluids. Metasomatic contaminants may be ascribed to contemporaneous subduction beneath the Carpathian–Pannonian Region between the Eocene and Miocene.Sulfide inclusions are more abundant in protogranular and porphyroclastic xenoliths relative to equigranular types. In mantle lithologies, sulfide bleb compositions vary between pentlandite and pyrrhotite correlating with the chemistry and texture of the host xenoliths. While sulfides in peridotites are relatively rich in Ni, those in clinopyroxene-rich xenoliths are notably Fe-rich.