利用卫星高度计资料分析热带大西洋表层环流的季节性变化

利用1993年4月至2001年3月的TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星高度计遥感资料,研究了热带大西洋(15°S-25°N,50°W-5°W)海面高度距平和表层环流结构的季节性变化。研究结果表明:夏季和冬季海面高度距平分布呈相反的结构,低纬度海区(0°-15°N之间的海区)海表风应力旋度所产生的Ekman抽吸而导致的海面升降是该海区海面高度距平季节性振荡的重要影响因素。热带大西洋表层流结构大部分海域季节变化不明显,部分流系具有明显季节振荡,东向的北赤道逆流夏季强度较大,冬、春季流速较小;非洲沿岸流冬季流向为东南向,其他季节流向为东北向。值得一提的是,几内亚海湾表层流秋、冬季为东向,而春、夏季为西向。通过卫星跟踪ARGOS漂流浮标观测结果进行的对比验证表明,上述遥感资料分析的表层地转流场与海上观测结果一致。     

Influence of Current Width Variation on the Annual Mean Transport of the East Sakhalin Current: A Simple Model

Recent observations suggest that the annual mean southward transport of the East Sakhalin Current (ESC) is significantly larger than the annual mean Sverdrup transport. Motivated by this observational result, transport of a western boundary current has been investigated using a simple numerical model with a western slope. This transport is defined as the instantaneous barotropic transport integrated from the western boundary to the offshore point where the barotropic velocity vanishes. The model, forced by seasonally varying wind stress, exhibits an annual mean of the western boundary current transport that is larger than that of the Sverdrup transport, as observed. The southward transport from October to March in the model nearly equals the instantaneous Sverdrup transport, while the southward transport from April to September decreases slowly. Although the Sverdrup transport in July vanishes, the southward transport in summer nearly maintains the annual mean Sverdrup transport, because the barotropic Rossby wave cannot intrude on the western slope. This summer transport causes the larger annual mean. Although there are some uncertainties in the estimation of the Sverdrup transport in the Sea of Okhotsk, the seasonal variation of the southward transport in the model is qualitatively similar to the observations.     

Multi-scale variability of beach profiles at Duck: A wavelet analysis

Beach profiles have been observed to change over a range of spatial and temporal scales; however techniques for quantifying this variability have not been fully established. In this paper, a wavelet technique is introduced as a method to study the multi-scale variability of beach profiles. The beach profile data comprising a 22-year time series surveyed at the US Army Corps of Civil Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) at Duck are analysed using the adapted maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (AMODWT). The analysis successfully identifies strong local features in the variability of beach profiles in time and space separately that cannot be isolated by traditional statistical methods. The analysis of spatial wavelet variances provides a new means of investigating the depth of closure. Analysis of variances by temporal scales shows that the combined effects of several temporal scales with one or two dominant scales can be seen at particular points across profiles whilst the dominant temporal scales are different at different portions of the profiles. The method allows for the extremely nonstationary behaviour of beach profile to be analysed into separate frequency bands that can facilitate the interpretation of morphological changes in terms of physical processes.     

黄海夏季典型站位的底边界层动物

2002年8月25~26日,在黄海夏季冷水团区域内的抛锚站位(35°22′N,121°59′E),使用柱状界面采样器进行了昼夜连续取样,对底边界层动物的种类组成与昼夜丰度变化进行了研究,以获得对黄海底边界层动物的初步认识。共记录底边界层动物21种,隶属18科、19属。超底栖动物和中型浮游动物是黄海夏季底边界层动物的2个重要类群,主要种类有尖额真猛水蚤(Euterpina acutifrons)、挪威小毛猛水蚤(Microsetella norvegica)、异厚盖钩虾(Synchelidium miraculum)、双刺纺缍水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus),其丰度皆有明显的昼夜波动现象。以桡足类无节幼体为代表的小型浮游动物也是底边界层动物中不容忽视的类群之一。采集到5个黄海区的新记录物种:美丽猛水蚤(Nitocrasp.)、跛足猛水蚤(Mesochrasp.)、咸水剑水蚤(Halicyclopssp.)、掌刺梭剑水蚤(Lubbockia squillimana)和异厚盖钩虾(Synchelidi-um miraculum),显示出底边界层动物种类组成的特殊性。     

2018?2019年舟山近海浮游动物群落结构春季年际变化及其与水团的关系

根据2018?2019年春季两个航次在舟山近海进行的浮游生物调查结果,对舟山近海的浮游动物群落结构(类群组成、优势种数量)年际变化进行了研究,利用典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA)研究了两年春季浮游动物类群组成差异、优势种变化的原因,初步探讨了春季浮游动物群落结构动态变化的机制。结果表明:根据表层温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)、表层盐度(Sea Surface Salinity,SSS)的聚类分析,将该区域分为3个水团:杭州湾内水团(I区)、舟山本岛上升流水团II区)、舟山近海水团(III区)。不同水团对浮游动物类群组成影响显著,引起2018年和2019年春季3个水团区差异的主要贡献种(贡献率>10%)均为中华哲水蚤,同一水团两年间年际差异的贡献种如下:I区为捷氏歪水蚤(56.91%)和真刺唇角水蚤(12.34%);II区为中华哲水蚤(72.64%)、五角水母(13.35%);III区为中华哲水蚤(41.93%)、夜光虫(22.94%)。CCA分析表明,第1 CCA轴(CCA1)和第2 CCA轴(CCA2)共解释了两年春季浮游动物优势种累计方差的46.14%和物种?环境累计方差的97.82%。CCA1主要反映了空间(近海水团和湾内水团)的差异。CCA2主要反映了2018年和2019年站位的年际差异。盐度是影响春季浮游动物群落结构空间差异的主要因素,而温度、叶绿素a浓度是春季浮游动物群落结构年际差异的主要因素。     

黄海表面水温场的准周期变化分析

本文用能谱方法分析了黄海的海表面水温(SST)场的准周期变化。由分析结果清楚地看出,SST具有高频准周期变化:黄海北部以2.6—3.2,1.4—1.7,3.6—3.8和6.7个月的准周期为主;3.3—3.6,5,1.3—2.3及6.7个月在黄海南部占优势。同时,两个海域都有6.7和3.3年的明显的准周期变化。     

Oxygen Uptake with Acute Variation in Temperature and Salinity in Two Coral Reef Polychaetes

Abstract. Eupolymnia nebulosa (Terebellidae) and Hermodke carunculata (Amphinomidae) were compared with respect to rates of oxygen consumption in response to acute temperature and salinity variation. E. nebulosa , but not H. carunculata , demonstrated significant temperature sensitivity correlating with the former species' restriction to habitats that are temperature variation. In contrast, H. carunculata occurs where such fluctuation is common. Oxygen uptake in both species was responsive to dilution of the medium whereas only H. carunculata demonstrated insensitivity to increased salinity under most temperature conditions.     

A General Linear Wave Theory for Water Waves Propagating over Uneven Porous Bottoms

Starting from the widespread phenomena of porous bottoms in the near shore region, considering fully the diversity of bottom topography and wave number variation, and including the effect of evanescent modes, a general linear wave theory for water waves propagating over uneven porous bottoms in the near shore region is established by use of Green‘s scond identity. This theory can be reduced to a number of the most typical mild-slope equations curreutly in use and provide a reliable research basis for follow-up development of nonlinear water wave theory involving porous bottoms.