Late Palaeozoic tectonic setting of the southern Alxa Block,NW China: constrained by age and composition of diabase

The ages of diabase outcropping on the southern Alxa Block and in related tectonic setting are not well constrained, but are important for exploring the tectonic evolution of the southern Alxa Block. The ages of the zircons from the diabase intruding the Middle–Late Cambrian Xiangshan Group were measured using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe II (SHRIMPII) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the weighted mean ages of 276.8 ± 7.9 Ma and 276.2 ± 9.7 Ma were obtained, respectively. The major elements in the diabase indicate that it may belong to the tholeiitic series. With specific features of the rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements, potentially affected by the continental crust based on the observed strong positive Pb anomaly, the diabase was produced in an intra-plate extension environment. Similar diabase/basalts were also found along the southern margin of the Alxa Block. Combined with sedimentary, palaeo-current, mafic, and felsic rocks in the southern Alxa Block, a back-arc extension environment potentially occurred in the southern Alxa Block during the Early–Middle Permian that resulted from the convergence between the North China Block (NCB) and the Yangtze Block.     

Geology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of Porphyries in the Dabate Mo-Cu Deposit, Western Tianshan, China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

The Dabate Mo-Cu deposit is a medium-sized porphyry-type deposit in the Sailimu Lake region, western Tianshan, China. We present the geology, geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of granite porphyries from the Dabate district with the intent to constrain their tectonic setting and petrogenesis. Porphyries in the Dabate district include granite porphyry I(gray white color with large phenocrysts), granite porphyry II(pink color with small phenocrysts) and quartz porphyry. Granite porphyry II is the Cu and Mo ore-bearing granitoid in the Dabate deposit. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb analyses indicate that granite porphyry II was emplaced at 284.2±1.8 Ma. Granite porphyry I and II have similar geochemical features and are both highly fractionated granites:(1) They have high SiO_2 content(70.93–80.18 wt% and 72.14–72.64 wt%, respectively), total alkali(7.58–8.95 wt% and 9.35–9.68 wt%, respectively), mafic index(0.95–0.98 and 0.93–0.94, respectively) and felsic index(0.79–0.94 and 0.89–0.91, respectively);(2) They are characterized by pronounced negative Eu anomaly, "seagullstyle" chondrite-normalized REE patterns and "tetrad effect" of REE;(3) They are rich in Rb, K, Th, Ta, Zr, Hf, Y and REE, but depleted in Sr, P, Ti and Nb. The magma of granite porphyries in Dabate can be interpreted to have been generated by partial melting of the upper crust due to mantle-derived magma underplating in a post-collisional extensional setting.     

拉萨地块南木林盆地北缘中新世高锶低钇岩浆作用:锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学特征

拉萨地块南木林盆地北缘的林子宗群火山岩地层侵位有大量的花岗斑岩岩株和岩脉,空间分布上与南北向正断层的次级断裂相一致。本次研究对南木林盆地北缘的花岗斑岩进行了系统的元素地球化学,LA-MCICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素测试。数据结果表明:花岗斑岩具有高硅(68.31%~71.34%)、高钾(4.52%~4.96%)、高(La/Yb)N(21.59~36.81)、Sr/Y(Sr/Y=15.59~38.10)等特征,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE);花岗斑岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为12.2±0.1Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)值为-0.6~+4.0。拉萨地块南木林盆地北缘花岗斑岩岩石学、地球化学特征显示其为新生下地壳部分熔融产物,且源区残留了石榴子石、金红石、角闪石,无斜长石残留,在岩浆上侵过程中,发生了碱性长石的分离结晶作用。花岗斑岩侵位于中新世,与区内南北向裂谷发育时代一致,成分上类似于拉萨地块南部同时期发育的高锶低钇斑岩、钾质岩,同为印度—欧亚大陆碰撞后东西向伸展背景产物。     

湘中紫云山岩体的成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学及Hf-O同位素制约

位于湘中盆地周缘的紫云山岩体主要由似斑状石英二长岩(主体)和二云母花岗岩(补体)组成,前者分布于该岩体的周边,后者分布于其内部,岩体内可见有大量岩浆结构的镁铁质暗色包体。利用高精度SIMS锆石U-Pb定年方法得到主体岩体的年龄为225.2±1.7Ma和225.6±1.4Ma,补体岩体的年龄为227.0±2.2Ma,两者均形成于印支晚期,基本上是同时形成的。该区两类岩石均具有富SiO_2、Na_2O和K_2O,贫Ca O、Mg O和Al2O3的特征,A/CNK比值为0.85~1.05,固结指数较高,主体岩石为3.61~5.05,补体岩石为4.13~14.06;其微量元素均表现出富集Rb、U、La、Nd和Zr,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti的特征;稀土元素配分模式均呈明显的右倾"V"字型,轻重稀土分馏明显((La/Yb)N=7.35~11.7),Eu负异常较显著(δEu=0.32~0.70);该区花岗岩的主体和补体的锆石Hf-O同位素组成非常相似,εHf(t)值为-10.0~-1.6,δ18O值为7.8~11.4,两阶段模式年龄tDM2为1.22~1.79Ga;各类岩石主要氧化物之间表现出良好的线性协变关系,且明显沿I型花岗岩演化趋势线分布,反映主体和补体岩石具有密切的亲缘关系,均应归属于高分异的I型花岗岩。各类岩石样品沿岩浆混合趋势线分布、而远离结晶分异趋势线,结合Hf-O同位素分析,认为该岩体来源于扬子地块中元古代下地壳变质杂砂岩重熔,与部分幔源岩浆形成的壳幔混合岩浆源区。该岩体形成于碰撞后构造背景,暗示华南地块受太平洋板块及印支地块的双重影响,在印支晚期处于伸展-减薄的构造环境。通过与华南地块其它印支期花岗岩对比分析,提出扬子地块与华夏地块的拼合带在湖南境内应沿"攸县-双牌"一线展布。     

超声波振动下非均匀岩石损伤过程数值模拟与试验

在振动载荷作用下,岩石内部细观缺陷的发展将导致其宏观力学性能的劣化。为了提高超声波振动碎岩效率,采用数值模拟与实验研究相结合的方法,对超声波振动下岩石内部的损伤过程进行分析;采用有限元与统计技术相结合的方法,建立岩石二维模型,引入损伤增量因子的概念,分析岩石非均匀性对岩石裂纹扩展过程的影响。研究结果表明:1)岩石材料在超声波振动下的损伤过程分为萌生、扩展、贯通3个阶段,随着非均匀系数的增加,岩石原始裂纹的扩展效率逐渐加快。2)损伤因子存在一个临界值,约为0.005 4:当某一时刻岩石的损伤因子低于0.005 4时,损伤增量因子与非均匀系数的响应关系不明显;当损伤因子高于0.005 4时,损伤增量因子随着非均匀系数的增大而急剧增大,此时岩石非均匀性对损伤因子的影响不容忽视。     

一种改进的扇形波束旋转扫描散射计海面风矢量反演算法

扇形波束旋转扫描散射计（RFSCAT）是约十年前才被提出来的一种新型星载微波散射计。与其它旋转扫描散射计类似,其星下点附近区域和刈幅边缘区域的风场反演误差相对较大。在本文设定的参数条件下,RFSCAT散射计刈幅边缘区域的风向反演精度相对于轨道中间区域降低了约9°。针对这一问题,本文为RFSCAT散射计提出了一种改进的风矢量反演算法。新算法的主要特征是,根据风向反演偏差直方图,在整个刈幅区域内,对模糊解风向取值区间进行自适应扩展,以获取并保留更多可能风向解。利用模拟的100条轨道的L2A数据,对新算法进行反演验证。实验结果证明,新算法能够有效改善RFSCAT散射计星下点附近区域和轨道刈幅边缘区域的风向反演精度。星下点和刈幅边缘上的风矢量单元的风向反演精度相对于标准的MLE算法分别提高了1.6°和9°。     

U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic implications ofdiorite from Nangnimsan of Mehe in northern Da Hinggan Mountains

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the weighted average age of diorite from Nangnimsan,Mohe in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang Province is 516.2±1.7 Ma,as a result of magmatic intrusion of Early Cambrian. Geochemistry analysis indicates that the rocks belong to high-K calc-alkaline series,with low content of SiO_2( 52.24%-53.64%) and high Mg( MgO = 5.67%-6.56%,Mg~#= 61. 05-65. 46).The rocks are characterized by the enrichment of LREE and LILE( e.g. Rb,Ba,Pb),and relative depletion in HREE and HFSE( e.g. Ta,Nb,P,Ti),and with a high content of Sr( 442. 3-622. 3) × 10~(-6),Yb( 2.49-3.42) ×10~(-6) and Y( 25.64-35.49) ×10~(-6),and slightly negative Eu anormaly( δEu= 0.60-0.81). Based on Rb/Sr( 0.15-0.25) and Rb/Nb( 8.27-15.12),it is concluded that the primary magma of diorite was derived from the mixture of the crust and mantle. Combined with background of regional tectonic evolution,it is suggested that diorite was formed in the extensional environment after the collage of the EGM with the Siberian.     

Mesozoic paleostress evolution in the Saharian platform (southern Tunisia)

Abstract

A detailed analysis of brittle deformations in the Saharian platform of southern Tunisia is based on studies of fault-slip data sets and joint sets. It allows reconstruction of the Mesozoic paleostress evolution. During the Permo-Triassic, N-S extensions occurred with high late Permian subsidence rates. During the Norian, strike-slip movements reactivated former normal faults. During the Jurassic and the Cretaceous a succession of extensional events was characterized by : (1) a N-S extension which dominated from late Triassic to early Aptian. We relate this extension to the Africa-Eurasia divergence; (2) a ENE-WSW extension during the Cenomanian. We relate this extension to the opening of «he African basins ; (3) a NE-SW Senonian extension that continued during the Cenozoic in the Jeffara and in the Gabes Gulf, during the further evolution of the northern African margin. The various compressional trends recorded in the platform are attributed to Cenozoic events.     

GPS数据与地质图的配准

随着ＧＰＳ、ＧＩＳ技术的飞速发展,地质调查这项综合的、基础的地质工作,无论从野外的研究手段,还是室内的成图方法上都发生了革命性的变化。由于研究手段的不同,导致地面点的表示方法有所差异。ＧＰＳ野外定点是使用ＷＧＳ８４坐标系,而地质图在成图时所使用的地理底图则是投影后的平面坐标系。因此,本文将详细讨论ＧＰＳ数据与我国地质图的高斯坐标数据的配准问题,对于不同类型的ＧＰＳ及不同功能地质制图ＧＩＳ平台,给出     

DERF2.0模式11-40天逐日环流预报效果评估

利用1983-2013年DERF2.0模式预报资料和ECMWFERA-Interim逐日再分析资料,评估了DERF2.0模式未来11-40d环流预报效果,结果表明:200hPa高度场预报平均效果最好,预报与实况的距平相关系数(ACC)通过显著性检验达到17d,500hPa高度场为13d,200hPa纬向风场仅11d,200hPa经向风场和850hPa纬向风场预报效果最差,预报与实况的ACC均未通过显著性检验。热带地区200hPa和500hPa高度场预报效果最好,11-40d预报与实况的ACC均通过了显著性检验。