华北中部古元古代末期构造－热事件性质及其构造成因模式

古元古代末期为华北克拉通演化的重大转折时期。但这一时期重大构造热事件序列及其构造格局的研究较薄弱。笔者在区域构造分析基础上。结合最新的同位素年龄制约。探讨古元古代末期区域构造演化过程及其成因模式。太行山-恒山基性岩墙群对应于燕辽坳拉谷与太行坳拉谷的夭折支，它们共同构成非对称的三叉坳拉谷系。非造山的岩浆活动序次依次为：花岗岩、伟晶岩（1．85～1．80Ga）、基性岩墙群侵位（1．80-1．77Ga）、斜长岩、碱性花岗岩、环斑花岗岩（1．71-1．70Ga）、火山岩喷发（1．68Ga）等。下伏基底性质对比及其同位素年龄表明，18亿年前后燕辽-太行山地区发生大规模隆升。隆升范围达上千千米，核心区处于燕辽-太行山坳拉谷系中心位置。基底隆升事件与浅表层伸展构造-非造山岩浆活动在时空上相吻合，表明地幔柱模式可以合理解释上述区域隆升及其伸展裂解事件。     

2004年印尼9级大震的构造成因及回顾性预测研究

认为2004年12月26日印尼9级大震是印尼弧形深海沟的新扩展引起的。讨论了该震发生年份和具体日期的回顾性预测问题。     

黑龙江东北部汤原断陷断块体运动特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

应用构造运动学理论,以地质、地球物理和钻井资料为基础,对汤原断陷基底和各断块体的运动特征进行研究,证实断陷内第Ⅳ块体的基底伸展量最大,第Ⅴ块体的基底伸展量最小;通过对15个块体的实例计算总结出不同构造、不同时期断块体的翘倾运动程度存在很大差异;汤原断陷构造运动控制了油气藏类型。伸展运动和压扭性挤压运动形成构造油气藏,伸展运动早、中期在向斜部位形成岩性油气藏,断块体翘倾运动和抬升剥蚀作用形成地层油气藏。     

以隶属度为权重的加权回归模型及在水文水资源中的应用

概率统计方法在水文水资源中的应用已有很长历史,常用的是线性回归模型。然而,等权线性回归模型的误差不仅与同步观测资料的长度及残差平方和有关,还随自变量与其均值的变幅加大而增大。因此,线性回归模型一般不应该用来外延。基于加权回归模型的基本理论,以隶属度为权重建立了加权回归模型,并证明了加权回归估计值的无偏性。通过实例分析计算,说明了方法的可行性。     

台湾花莲地震预测与"可公度"方法的引伸性讨论

“可公度”方法是我们在1999年9月21日台湾7．6级大震预报中引用的主要方法，为此本文结合其具体分析，和针对“可公度”方法所隐含的物理意义，尤其是翁文波先生对“可公度周期性扩张”的贡献，结合实例进行了隐伸性的讨论。其中涉及“可公度”方法由提丢斯和波特“平均运动”的天体运行，和翁文波以“信息确定性”发展为“周期性扩张”的特殊性信息的周期性，并可用于自然灾害的预测；及其“信息保真性”不同于数量的意义和作法等所涉及的观念的变革性。     

新疆克拉玛依中基性岩墙群形成力学机制及其构造意义

克拉玛依岩墙群产出在克拉玛依北岩体及其围岩之中,具有不连续分段岩墙和连续分段岩墙两种类型,空间分布受区域张性构造裂隙控制,总体走向以北西-南东(280°～300°)为主,还有少量北东-南西(30°～50°)走向的岩墙。克拉玛依岩墙群所受最大主压应力方向垂直于地表,最小主压应力方向与岩墙扩容作用方向平行,并垂直于北西-南东走向的分段岩墙。岩浆沿构造裂隙贯入、充填形成岩墙,其发育程度与裂隙和区域各主压应力之间的夹角有关。岩墙分段的力学原因是岩浆在流动过程中,遇到与最小主压应力斜交的先存裂隙时,应力强度因子瞬间降低所致。估算的主伸长度为2.7%。克拉玛依岩墙群的大量出现进一步表明,二叠纪时,区域构造已经由碰撞挤压体制转变为伸展体制。     

大兴安岭北段根河地区早白垩世火山杂岩特征及成因探讨

大兴安岭北段根河地区早白垩世火山杂岩按岩石及其地球化学特征，可划分为3类：第Ⅰ类为流纹质岩石，富Si、碱，低Al、Ti，Na2O／K2O〈1，具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0．27-0．59），富Rb，贫Sr、Ba；第Ⅱ类为粗面英安质岩石，富Al、Ti，Na2O／K2O〉1，具弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0．65-0．95），富Sr、Ba，贫Rb；研究认为第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类岩石产于挤压隆升相伴的拉张至造山后伸展构造环境。第Ⅲ类由安粗岩、歪长粗面岩组成，富Ti、Al，Na2O／K2O≥1．1，Eu无异常（δEu=0．93-1，06），Th／Ta、Ta／Hf值显示大陆板内伸展环境，其形成可能与玄武质岩浆的底侵作用有关。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARLY MESOZOIC GRANODIORITES AND THEIR TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

The early Mesozoic granodiorites (ca. 165 Ma) in the northeastern Hunan Province (NEH) have SiO2=65.4-69.65%, K2O/Na2O=0.95-1.38 and K2O Na2O＞6%, A/CNK=0.96-1.13 and belong to metaluminous high-K calc-alkaline series. They are characterized by LREE and LILEs enrichment, and HFSE depletion with slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.62-0.90). The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios are in range from 0.711458 to0.717461, and εNd values vary from -9.4 to -12.3, distinct from those of the contemporaneous granodiorites mantle-derived from the Southeastern Hunan Province (SEH) (87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.707962～0.710396, εNd(t)=-6.98～-2.30).By contrast, such signatures are roughly similar to those of the neighboring other Mesozoic granitic plutons (Eu/Eu*=0.30-0.70; 87Sr/86Sr ＞0.710; εNd = -12 to -16) in South China Block (SCB), which have been interpreted as the remelting products of Precambrian basement. The Proterozoic lower-middle crust is an important contributor to the petrogenesis of these early Mesozoic granodiorites in the NEH. An intracontinental extension setting is present in the northeastern Hunan Province at that time due to the demand of enough thermal transfer.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the Laiyang Basin of the Sulu Belt, eastern China

Abstract Early Cretaceous high‐K calc‐alkaline volcanism occurring in the Laiyang Basin north of the Sulu high‐pressure to ultrahigh‐pressure (HP‐UHP) Metamorphic Belt, eastern China, comprises a wide spectrum of rock types, ranging from trachybasalts to trachydacites. The basaltic–andesitic rocks erupted at 107–105 Ma, spanning an SiO₂ range of 50.1–59.6% and an MgO range of 2.6–7.2%, and are characterized by large ion lithophile element (LILE; e.g. Ba and K) and light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment, high field strength element (HFSE) depletion and highly radiogenic Sr but non‐radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i) = 0.70750–0.70931; ?_Nd(t) = ?17.9 ? ?15.6). The geochemical similarities between these rocks and the earlier Sulu Belt lamprophyres suggest that both types of mafic rocks were derived from similar mantle sources with LILE and LREE enrichment. Thus, the Wulian–Qingdao–Yantai Fault that separates the two terranes at the surface should not be considered as a lithospheric boundary between the North China and Yangtze blocks. The felsic lavas erupted at 93–91 Ma, spanning an SiO₂ range of 61.6–67.0% and an MgO range of 1.1–2.6%, and show a trace element geochemistry similar to the basaltic rocks, but with higher radiogenic Sr and even lower Nd isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i) = 0.70957–0.71109; ?_Nd(t) = ?19.1 ? ?17.5), similar to I‐type granitoids in the Sulu Belt. A crustal origin was proposed to explain their compositions (which are comparable to those of experimental slab melts), the >10 Ma eruption interval and the compositional gaps in some elements (e.g. P, Ti and Sr) between them and the older basaltic–andesitic rocks. These melts were derived from predominant metaigneous protoliths containing mafic accumulative counterparts of the basaltic–andesitic and/or lamprophyric magmas. The extensive extrusion of Early Cretaceous high‐K calc‐alkaline rocks in the Laiyang Basin favored an extensional regime in response to the progressive attenuation of the thickened lithosphere and orogenic collapse, as reflected in the development of the basin from a foreland basin (before the end of the Jurassic period) to a fault basin (since the Early Cretaceous period).     

青藏高原中部温泉盆地西侧晚第四纪正断层作用的地貌标志及断裂活动速率

温泉盆地西缘断裂在晚第四纪期间经历了多期活动。沿断层至少可以识别出高度分别为0．33～0．62m、4．3～5．2m、6．8～8．3m、10～11．8m、约16m、20-28m、45-50m和65-80m的8套断层崖或断层陡坎，以及与各级断层崖大致对应的河流阶地、洪积扇和泉华台地。地质地貌体的相对时代分析和泉华、河流沉积物中的砾石钙膜、钙质胶结物的U系、ESR测年结果表明，高45～50m、20-28m、约16m、10～11．8m、6．8～8．3m和4.3～5．2m的断层崖可能分别形成于约127kaBP、54kaBP、25kaBP、18kaBP、11kaBP和4kaBP以来或更早。综合分析断裂不同地点的断层崖的高度和时代发现，不同时期的断裂活动强度可能是不同的。其中在约127-25kaBP、25～4kaBP期间，断裂平均的垂直活动速率分别为0．3-0.23mm/a、0．8-0.36mm/a，而约4～1．1kaBP期间的断层最大垂直活动速率可能达1.65mm／a。