Geochronological constraints on 140–85 Ma thermal doming extension in the Dabie orogen, central China

Regional architecture of geochronology and differential cooling pattern show that the Dabie orogen underwent a thermal doming extension during 140–85 Ma. This extension resulted in widespread re-melting of the Dabie basement, intense volcanic activities in North Huaiyang and the formation of fault-controlled depressions in the Hefei basin. This thermal doming extension can be further divided into two consecutive evolving stages, i.e. the intensifying stage (140–105 Ma) and the declining stage (105–85 Ma). In the first stage (140–105 Ma), the thermal doming mainly was concentrated in the Dabie block, and to a less degree, in the Hongan block. The thermal doming structure of the Dabie block is configured with Macheng-Yuexi thermal axis, Yuexi/Luotian thermal cores and their downslide flanks. The orientation of thermal axis is dominantly parallel to the strike of orogen, and UHP/HP units together with metamorphic rocks of North Huaiyang constitute the downslide flanks. The Yuexi core differs from the Luotian core in both the intensity and the shaping time. To some extent, the Hongan block can be regarded as part of downslide systems of the Dabie doming structure. The doming process is characterized by thermal-center’s migration along the Macheng-Yuexi thermal axis; consequently, it is speculated to be attributed to the convective removal of thickened orogenic root, which is a process characterized by intermittance, mi gration, large-scale and differentiation. During the declining stage (105–85 Ma), the dome-shaped figure still structurally existed in the Dabie orogen, but orogenic units cooled remarkably slow and magmatic activities stagnated gradually. Study on the thermal doming of Dabieshan Mountains can thus provide detailed constraints on the major tectonic problems such as the UHP/HP exhumation model, the boundary between North Dabie and South Dabie, and the orogenesis mechanism.     

荒漠化评价的物元可拓识别方法

可拓学是系统科学、思维科学和数学的交叉学科。本文运用可拓学和主成分分析方法，构建了金沙江干热河谷荒漠化程度综合评判模型，模型输出的结果与实际调查结果基本吻合，为荒漠化评价研究提供了新的理论依据。     

广角伽氏无焦系统的筒长扩展技术

伽氏无焦系统的筒长与视场之间存在反比律关系。本文提出一种以多元法和倍乘法为理论基础的筒长扩展技术,以满足广角条件下获得适用的筒长,并阐述抑制畸变和保证一定出瞳距对物镜与负目镜的结构限约,及其象差的平衡方式。     

The Characterization Problem for Isotropic Covariance Functions

Isotropic covariance functions are successfully used to model spatial continuity in a multitude of scientific disciplines. Nevertheless, a satisfactory characterization of the class of permissible isotropic covariance models has been missing. The intention of this note is to review, complete, and extend the existing literature on the problem. As it turns out, a famous conjecture of Schoenberg (1938) holds true: any measurable, isotropic covariance function on ^d (d 2) admits a decomposition as the sum of a pure nugget effect and a continuous covariance function. Moreover, any measurable, isotropic covariance function defined on a ball in ^d can be extended to an isotropic covariance function defined on the entire space ^d .     

胶东玲珑金矿田成矿特征和成矿作用

位于华北克拉通东南缘的胶东地区深部找矿取得重大突破，已成为全球第三大金成矿区。玲珑金矿田是胶东石英脉型金矿的典型产地，也是我国最早勘查开发金矿的地区之一，近年来在该区深部探明的蚀变岩型金矿资源量已超过以往探明的石英脉型金矿。但对深部矿体的空间分布以及石英脉型与蚀变岩型金矿的关系还缺乏系统的认识。本文较详细分析了玲珑金矿田的矿床特征及深部变化，综述了矿床地球化学特征和成矿时代的研究成果，探讨了断裂与成矿的关系、石英脉型金矿与蚀变岩型金矿的关系和矿床成因机制。研究发现，蚀变岩型金矿受总体缓倾斜的主断裂控制，石英脉型金矿赋存于主断裂下盘的陡倾张裂隙中。以往认为的多个蚀变岩型矿床实际是同一个金资源量近600 t的巨型金矿床，矿床在垂向2500 m范围内形成3个矿化富集带。其Ⅰ- 2号主矿体埋深44～2333 m，控制最大走向长4750 m，最大倾斜深2430 m，矿体平均厚度11. 50 m，矿石平均品位3. 15 g/t。综合前人研究结果认为：金矿化发生于约120 Ma。成矿流体为中—高温、低盐度、还原条件H2O- CO2- NaCl±CH4体系热液，H- O同位素组成大部分投点于岩浆水与大气降水线之间，矿石的S、Pb同位素特征与赋矿围岩相似，成矿物质主要来自于下地壳，有少量幔源组分贡献。研究发现，大型蚀变岩型金矿体主要赋存于断裂倾角变化部位构成阶梯成矿模式，其原因是断裂倾角变化引起流体压力波动造成金质沉淀；石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿的矿体特征有明显区别，后者矿体倾角缓、规模大，矿石平均品位低，矿石中金属硫化物含量少（平均S含量约是前者的1/3），金矿物粒度细，金矿物的赋存状态以晶隙金为主（前者主要为包体金）；二者的地球化学特征略有差异，后者成矿期的流体包裹体类型较为单一、盐度和温度相对较低，石英脉型矿石的H- O同位素投点位置更接近于岩浆水，蚀变岩型金矿偏向于大气降水，石英脉型矿石的S同位素特征与胶东岩群相似，而蚀变岩型矿石的S同位素特征与晚中生代岩浆岩更接近。这些差异说明，石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿是同一成矿事件不同成矿方式和不同构造位置的产物。综合分析认为，胶东地区的大规模壳幔混合源岩浆活动，为成矿流体活动提供了热动力条件、运移通道和部分流体来源；岩浆快速隆升引发地壳浅部产生拆离断层和相关张裂构造，为流体聚集、成矿提供了有利空间。     

数字实际材料图和数字地质图编制原则与方法

区域地质调查最终成果要反映在一套必要的地质图件上,其中数字实际材料图和数字地质图是调查成果中重要的两种基础性图件.它们的形成要求和编绘方法与传统制图相比有很大的不同.文章对两种图件的编制要求和方法进行了论述,并对其图面内容和图示方法提出了工作建议.     

伸展盆地地表热流值的模拟计算—以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例

伸展盆地的大地热流值可以认为是由地幔热流，地壳内部和盆地沉积物生热效应以及岩石圈和沉积物导热性质等多个因素综合叠加的结果。本文根据传热学理论，分析了纯剪切模式条件下伸展盆地内的地表热流值贡献的分布规律及其与伸展因子的理想关系，认为深部热源的能量，伸展因子大小，地壳浅层的生热性质以及盆地构造位置是控制盆地热流高低和展布的关键因素。结合沉积地层的导热性质，放射性元素的生热效应，岩浆区的现今地表热流分布，得到了与正演模拟相接近的结果，验证了该方法思路的有效性。同时对该地区幕式伸展裂陷过程中的地表热流值变化趋势进行了模拟，认为在不同的伸展裂陷幕地表热流值表现为阶段式的升高，在末期达到最大值。     

Evidence from the Mesta half-graben, SW Bulgaria, for the Late Eocene beginning of Aegean extension in the Central Balkan Peninsula

The ENE-tilted Mesta half-graben contains a 3-km-thick section of Priabonian (Late Eocene) to Oligocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks that rest unconformably on basement metamorphic rocks along its west side. Basal strata dip 50–60° E and dip at progressively lower angles upward, indicating synrotational deposition. The southern part of the half-graben contains nested volcanic caldera complexes, formed during the deposition of the middle part of the sedimentary sequence, which have been rotated by about half the total rotation of the sedimentary succession. The half-graben is bounded on the east by a fault that steepens from more deeply exposed structural levels in the south (8–18° W) to shallower exposed structural levels in the north (70° W) and together with the rotation of Paleogene strata during deposition indicate the Mesta half-graben is underlain by a listric detachment fault, the Mesta detachment. Subhorizontal Middle Miocene strata that unconformably overlie tilted Paleogene strata yield an upper age limit to the extension. West and northwest of the Mesta half-graben are many other NNW-trending NE-tilted Paleogene half-grabens which we suggest are part of an important extended area in SW Bulgaria and eastern Macedonia that lies above one or more west-dipping detachment faults and date the beginning of Aegean extension in the southern Balkan region as at least as old as Priabonian. The Mesta detachment is oblique to the trend of a contemporaneous Paleogene magmatic arc in the southern Balkans and the origin of the detachment is probably related to gravitationally induced spreading of thickened hot arc crust and Hellenic trench roll back.     

可拓方法在区域易损性评判中的应用--以四川省为例

首先介绍了可拓方法的基本原理及其在区域易损性评判中的应用步骤,然后以四川省为例检验了其实际应用效果,探讨了可拓方法在区域易损性评判中的应用.结果表明:四川省承灾能力总体偏低,其中极高易损区和高易损区的面积比重达85.88%;并且易损性区域差异大,基本上呈连续成片分布,各区域存在的主要问题和制约因素也不同.最后指出将可拓方法应用于区域易损性评判中的思路是正确的,方法是可行的,并认为可拓方法在自然系统界线识别和自然要素空间分异等方面的研究中具有广阔的应用前景.