冬季蒙古高压的时空变化和突变特征研究

利用Hadley中心的155年全球月平均海平面气压资料(1850年1月—2004年12月),研究了冬季蒙古高压的振荡周期和突变特征。在定义冬季蒙古高压指数的基础上,通过EOF展开,分析了冬季北半球海平面气压的时空变率分布;应用奇异谱分析的方法重建了冬季蒙古高压主要周期振荡序列,并着重分析其年际和年代际变化特征。根据Mann-Kendall气候突变检测法,检测了冬季蒙古高压存在的气候突变点。研究表明:冬季蒙古高压具有显著的年际和年代际变化,主要存在准两年和3～4年的年际变化周期,以及13～14年、20～21年和35～36年的年代际变化周期,而且准两年周期的振幅也存在显著的年代际变化;蒙古高压20～21年的周期与阿留申低压变化的位相不甚一致,35～36年的周期与阿留申低压变化的位相极为相似。经突变检测,发现冬季蒙古高压在1927年前后为明显的气候突变点。     

黑潮延伸体海洋中尺度涡旋:四套数据的比较

在不同的中尺度涡数据中,涡旋的识别,跟踪方法以及物理参数的定义存在差异,因此需要对涡旋结果进行相互比较和验证.本文比较了Chelton,GEM-M,Faghmous和Dong四套中尺度涡数据在黑潮延伸体区域的基本特征.结果表明,各数据的中尺度涡数量,特征和轨迹均存在差异.经过归一化处理后,涡特征的地理分布和时间变化高度...     

西藏西北部旋风沟地区古近纪潜花岗斑岩的发现及意义

潜花岗班岩为火山颈相,其锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为32±0.2Ma。岩石具有富Al、Th和LREE特征,Eu负异常不明显,表明不是由基性浆演化而成,而是由加厚陆壳底部熔融形成的。结合区域构造、沉积记录和火山岩组合特征,潜花岗斑岩形成于大陆拉张环境。潜花岗斑岩年龄的确定制约了新生代沉积地层的年代,同时也为藏北地区陆内拉张时代的确定提供了依据。     

Extensional collapse of the Gondwana orogen: Evidence from Cambrian mafic magmatism in the Trivandrum Block,southern India

The assembly of Late Neoproterozoice Cambrian supercontinent Gondwana involved prolonged subduction and accretion generating arc magmatic and accretionary complexes, culminating in collision and formation of high grade metamorphic orogens. Here we report evidence for mafic magmatism associated with post-collisional extension from a suite of gabbroic rocks in the Trivandrum Block of southern Indian Gondwana fragment. Our petrological and geochemical data on these gabbroic suite show that they are analogous to high Fe tholeiitic basalts with evolution of the parental melts dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization. They display enrichment of LILE and LREE and depletion of HFSE with negative anomalies at Zre Hf and Ti corresponding to subduction zone magmatic regime. The tectonic affinity of the gabbros coupled with their geochemical features endorse a heterogeneous mantle source with collective melt contributions from sub-slab asthenospheric mantle upwelling through slab break-off and arc-related metasomatized mantle wedge, with magma emplacement in subduction to post-collisional intraplate settings. The high Nb contents and positive Nbe Ta anomalies of the rocks are attributed to inflow of asthenospheric melts containing ancient recycled subducted slab components and/or fusion of subducted slab materials owing to upwelling of hot asthenosphere. Zircon grains from the gabbros show magmatic crystallization texture with low U and Pb content. The LA-ICPMS analyses show ²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U mean ages in the range of 507-494 Ma suggesting Cambrian mafic magmatism. The post-collisional mafic magmatism identified in our study provides new insights into mantle dynamics during the waning stage of the birth of a supercontinent.     

北秦岭老君山环斑花岗岩的成因及大地构造意义

老君山环斑花岗岩分布于北秦岭造山带中，是沙河湾、朱厂沟脑、秦岭梁北秦岭环斑花岗岩带的一部分，以特殊的环斑结构，富含基性暗色微粒包体为特征，通过对其地质、岩石、地化资料研究，结合区域大地构造环境，认为老君山环斑花岗岩，具有岩浆混合成因类型，为造山后伸展环境的产物，标志着印支期末秦岭地区俯冲碰撞的板块构造体制已经结束，转入板内构造演化阶段。     

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE SANWEISHAN FAULT AND ITS MECHANISM: CONSTRAINTS ON THE GROWTH OF THE NORTHERN QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU

The northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is currently the leading edge of uplift and expansion of the plateau. Over the years, a lot of research has been carried out on the deformation and evolution of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and many ideas have been put forward, but there are also many disputes. The Altyn Tagh Fault constitutes the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and there are two active faults on the north side of the Altyn Tagh Fault, named Sanweishan Fault with NEE strike and Nanjieshan Fault with EW strike. Especially, studies on the geometric and kinematic parameters of Sanweishan Fault since the Late Quaternary, which is nearly parallel with the Altyn Tagn Fault, are of great significance for understanding the deformation transfer and distribution in the northwestward extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, interpretation of the fault landforms and statistical analysis of the horizontal displacement on the Sanweishan Fault and its newly discovered western extension are carried out in this paper. We believe that the Sanweishan Fault is an important branch of the eastern section of the Altyn Tagh fault zone. It is located at the front edge of the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a left-lateral strike-slip and thrust active fault. Based on the interpretation of satellite imagery and microgeomorphology field investigation of Sanweishan main fault and its western segments, it's been found that the Sanweishan main fault constitutes the contact boundary between the Sanweishan Mountain and the alluvial fans. In the bedrock interior and on the north side of the Mogao Grottoes, there are also some branch faults distributed nearly parallel to the main fault. The main fault is about 150km long, striking 65°, mainly dipping SE with dip angles from 50° to 70°. The main fault can be divided into three segments in the spatial geometric distribution:the western segment(Xizhuigou-Dongshuigou, I), which is about 35km long, the middle segment(Dongshuigou-Shigongkouzi, Ⅱ), about 65km long, and the east segment(Shigongkouzi-Shuangta, Ⅲ), about 50km long. The above three segments are arranged in the left or right stepovers. In the west of Mingshashan, it's been found that the fault scarps are distributed near Danghe Reservoir and Yangguan Town in the west of Minshashan Mountain, and we thought those scarps are the westward extension of the main Sanweishan Fault. Along the main fault and its western extension, the different levels of water system(including gullies and rills)and ridges have been offset synchronously, forming a series of fault micro-geomorphology. The scale of the offset water system is proportional to the horizontal displacement. The frequency statistical analysis of the horizontal displacement shows that the displacement has obvious grouping characteristics, which are divided into 6 groups, and the corresponding peaks are 3.4m, 6.7m, 11.4m, 15m, 22m and 26m, respectively. Among them, 3.4m represents the coseismic displacement of the latest ancient earthquake event, and the larger displacement peak represents the accumulation of coseismic displacements of multi-paleoearthquake events. This kind of displacement characterized by approximately equal interval increase indicates that the Sanweishan Fault has experienced multiple characteristic earthquakes since the Late Quaternary and has the possibility of occurrence of earthquakes greater than magnitude 7. The distribution of displacement and structural transformation of the end of the fault indicate that Sanweishan Fault is an "Altyn Tagh Fault"in its infancy. The activities of Sanweishan Fault and its accompanying mountain uplift are the result of the transpression of the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, representing one of the growth patterns of the northern margin of the plateau.     

安徽狮子山矿田白芒山岩体地球化学特征及成因机制

白芒山岩体主要由辉石闪长岩组成,通过岩石学和地球化学的研究,岩石属富碱高钾钙碱性系列,为准铝质(ACNK=0．63～0．72),富含大离子亲石元素(如Ba、Sr)和轻稀土元素,高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)强烈亏损,Sr-Nd同位素具有EMI型特征。在区域拉张—伸展构造域中,由EMI型富集地幔物质上涌熔融下地壳,发生了结晶分并作用形成。     

Dynamics Analysis of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,North of the South China Sea

The Baiyun sag is a deep one developing on the slope of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. It occurs as a composite graben horizontally, and is composed of two sub-sags versus one low uplift. Vertically, the sedimentary architecture could be divided into three layers, i.e. the faulted layer on the bottom, the faulted-ductile stretching layer in the middle and the draping layer on the top. The main rifting stage of the sag is supposed to be characterized by ductile extension and thinning of the crust. The special deformation pattern is probably attributed to the fact that the Baiyun sag is located in the transfer zone of the pre-existing weak zone, which made the sag a strongly deformed area, characterized by the greatly thinned lithosphere and active magmatism. The highly rising mantle under the Baiyun sag should be an important mechanism responsible for the ductile deformation, which caused partial melting of the upper mantle. Upweiling to the upper crust and the sedimentary layers, the partial melting materials accommodated extensional strain and caused non-faulted vertical subsidence. Magma was collected under the transfer zone after the first stage of rifting, and transferred laterally in a direction perpendicular to the extension to the ENE and WSW parts of the sag and upwelled along the NW-trending basal faults, where WNW-trending shear faults developed in swarms. The faulting activity and sedimentation history of the Baiyun sag may have been affected by the ocean ridge jump around 24 Ma and the cessation of sea floor spreading around 16 Ma.     

燕山地区燕山期的挤压与伸展作用

燕山地区中生代断裂演化、区域性不整合界面和盆地演化的地质事实显示,燕山期不仅存在强烈的挤压作用,而且存在强烈的伸展作用。如果把整个侏罗、白垩纪期间的构造运动理解为燕山运动的话,那么燕山运动既形成强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,又形成断陷盆地和变质核杂岩。整个燕山运动(旋回)包括3次挤压事件和3个伸展阶段,即早侏罗世末挤压事件(北票组沉积之后,海房沟组沉积之前)、晚侏罗世末挤压事件(土城子组沉积之后,义县组沉积之前)和白垩纪末挤压事件(第三系沉积之前);早侏罗世盆地伸展阶段、中晚侏罗世盆地伸展阶段和白垩纪盆地伸展阶段。燕山期内发生了3次由伸展到挤压的转换。     

关于郯庐断裂巨大平移问题的商榷

本文以大量地质事实证明郯庐断裂在新生代经历了强烈的水平挤压,中生代则经历了侏罗纪时的水平挤压和白垩纪时的强裂拉张。从古构造和古地理分析,郯庐断裂也未造成过太古界、元古界和古生界地层的明显错移,它们都是受当时的古构造和古地理控制而原地沉积,并非由于郯庐断裂的“巨大平移”才具有现在的布局。郯庐断裂形成于太古代末-元古代初,其后经历了地槽阶段、地台阶段和地洼阶段的漫长演化。不同时期表现出不同的活动特点,但基本上以差异升降和水平挤压及拉张形式为主,未见巨大平移的证据。