岩石类材料疲劳破坏裂纹扩展分析的数值方法

在进行岩石类材料疲劳断裂破坏的数值分析时,将损伤力学将裂纹形成与裂纹扩展两个过程有机结合在一起。根据裂纹形成阶段的疲劳曲线（S-N）,描述疲劳发展的损伤演变方程,提出了疲劳裂纹扩展的数值计算方法。建立了扩展阶段中裂纹尺寸与载荷循环次数之间的关系,从而将裂纹萌生与扩展这两个独立过程纳入一个统一的理论体系。该方法与断裂力学结合计算出的疲劳寿命与试验值相吻合。     

河北省变质核杂岩

河北省变质核杂岩形成于中一新生代,围绕华北拗陷盆地呈环带状分布在太行山,燕山地区。分为穹状和长垣状两种。同美国科迪勒拉式变质核杂岩相比,在主拆离断层内缺失巨厚的韧性剪切带。其形成的动力机制包括岩浆底辟、区域大陆伸展和地幔（亚）柱上隆作用。     

初论变异性不整合--以滇西北中甸地区为例

通过对滇西北中甸地区１：５万地质填图,并结合地质构造综合研究,首次提出了下三叠统布伦组与下伏上古生界为变异性不整合的新看法,它是在大陆引张环境下形成的一种层接触关系,主要识别标志是：区域性强烈起伏的不整合面;下伏基盘伸 引张环境玄武岩的发育;上覆沉积厚度显著变化、相变急剧;不整合表现形式多样,以及“基质”＋“岩块”的图面效应,它的识别对地质填图、地质构造演化以及构造运动的时空论形式等方面的研究具有     

Cretaceous–Tertiary structures and kinematics of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks and their relation to the exhumation of the Hellenic hinterland (Macedonia, Greece)

 The kinematic pattern and associated metamorphism of the predominant ductile deformation and the subsequent deformational stages of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks and granitoids are presented in terms of peri-Tethyan tectonics. A systematic record of structural and metamorphic data gives evidence of a main top-to-ENE to ESE ductile flow of Cretaceous age (120–90 Ma) associated with a crustal stretching and unroofing. A subordinate WSW to WNW antithetic sense of movement of the tectonic top is observed in places. The associated metamorphic conditions are estimated at 4.5–7.5 kbar and 510–580  °C. During Eocene to Miocene times these fabrics were successively deformed by low-angle extensional D_e ductile shear zones with top-to-NE and SW sense of movement and brittle shear zones of similar kinematic pattern, suggesting a transition from ductile to brittle deformation. D_e deformation was accompanied during its later stages by NW/SE-directed shortening. We also discuss the relation of this Cretaceous–Tertiary deformation of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks with the Eocene to Miocene ductile, top-to-southwestward crustal shear of the adjacent Rhodope crystalline rocks. We regard the Serbomacedonian and the Rhodope metamorphic rocks to represent related metamorphic provinces, the most recent exhumation and cooling history of which is bracketed between the Eocene and Neogene. Received: 8 December 1998 / Accepted: 19 April 1999     

可拓工程方法在自然地理界线划分中的应用

应用可拓工程方法和主成分分析方法,对福建省境内南亚热带北界最佳位置的确定建立了识别对象的物元模型,模型输出的结果获得满意的自然地理意义解释。     

南秦岭晚三叠世胭脂坝岩体的地球化学特征及地质意义

本文对出露于佛坪穹窿东部宁陕地区的胭脂坝岩体进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征的研究,讨论了胭脂坝岩体的岩石成因、成岩物质来源及其地质意义。岩体主要由黑云母花岗岩组成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明胭脂坝黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄为200Ma±4Ma。该花岗岩的地球化学特征为富硅(70.09%～73.35%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.49%～8.59%),A/CNK=1.01～1.08,里特曼指数(σ=2.07～2.62),钾大于钠(K2O/Na2O=1.12～1.39)和高CaO/Na2O值(0.3),微量元素主要富集Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ba、P和Ti,稀土总量129.98×10-6～189.97×10-6,轻稀土富集[LREE/HREE=8.00～10.73,(La/Yb)N=8.62～15.68],Eu亏损明显(δEu=0.41～0.50)。这些特征表明,胭脂坝岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列,为准铝—弱过铝质壳源S型花岗岩。结合对区域地质背景的全面分析表明,可能是印支运动晚期的造山作用造成本区地壳加厚,之后在伸展—减薄的背景下,中部地壳深度的变质砂屑质岩石,通过黑云母脱水发生部分熔融而形成的产物。     

黑潮延伸体海域漂流式海气界面浮标数据分析与评估

漂流式海气界面浮标是创新研制的“小型化、轻质化、免维护”的漂流观测系统,能够测量海面以上3 m气象、水下20 cm海表面温度和波浪参数等11个不同的物理参数,并且已经经过多次观测应用,结果均较好。为实现漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据全球范围的应用,利用2018年黑潮延伸体海域Argo观测的海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、SVP (surface velocity program)浮标观测的海表温度和OISST (optimum interpolation sea surface temperature)数据,通过将其与漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据进行时空匹配以及对比验证,对漂流式海气界面浮标观测的海表面温度进行了系统评估,检验其在黑潮延伸体复杂水文环境下的观测准确性。结果表明,漂流式海气界面浮标观测SST数据与Argo观测SST数据相关系数达到0.9737,均方根误差和平均误差分别为0.5790°C和0.4539°C;与SVP浮标SST数据的相关系数弱于与Argo的相关系数,为0.9285,均方根误差为1.323 0°C,平均误差约为0.979 4°C...     

Dynamics Analysis of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,North of the South China Sea

The Baiyun sag is a deep one developing on the slope of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. It occurs as a composite graben horizontally, and is composed of two sub-sags versus one low uplift. Vertically, the sedimentary architecture could be divided into three layers, i.e. the faulted layer on the bottom, the faulted-ductile stretching layer in the middle and the draping layer on the top. The main rifting stage of the sag is supposed to be characterized by ductile extension and thinning of the crust. The special deformation pattern is probably attributed to the fact that the Baiyun sag is located in the transfer zone of the pre-existing weak zone, which made the sag a strongly deformed area, characterized by the greatly thinned lithosphere and active magmatism. The highly rising mantle under the Baiyun sag should be an important mechanism responsible for the ductile deformation, which caused partial melting of the upper mantle. Upweiling to the upper crust and the sedimentary layers, the partial melting materials accommodated extensional strain and caused non-faulted vertical subsidence. Magma was collected under the transfer zone after the first stage of rifting, and transferred laterally in a direction perpendicular to the extension to the ENE and WSW parts of the sag and upwelled along the NW-trending basal faults, where WNW-trending shear faults developed in swarms. The faulting activity and sedimentation history of the Baiyun sag may have been affected by the ocean ridge jump around 24 Ma and the cessation of sea floor spreading around 16 Ma.     

关于郯庐断裂巨大平移问题的商榷

本文以大量地质事实证明郯庐断裂在新生代经历了强烈的水平挤压,中生代则经历了侏罗纪时的水平挤压和白垩纪时的强裂拉张。从古构造和古地理分析,郯庐断裂也未造成过太古界、元古界和古生界地层的明显错移,它们都是受当时的古构造和古地理控制而原地沉积,并非由于郯庐断裂的“巨大平移”才具有现在的布局。郯庐断裂形成于太古代末-元古代初,其后经历了地槽阶段、地台阶段和地洼阶段的漫长演化。不同时期表现出不同的活动特点,但基本上以差异升降和水平挤压及拉张形式为主,未见巨大平移的证据。